Digital Identities in Tension
Digital Identities in Tension

Author: Armen Khatchatourov

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-06-04

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 1119629608

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Digital Identities in Tension deals with the ambivalence of universal digitalization. While this transformation opens up new possibilities, it also redistributes the interplay of constraints and incentives, and tends insidiously to create a greater malleability of individuals. Today, companies and states are increasingly engaged in the surveillance and management of our digital identities. In response, we must study the effects that the new industrial, economic and political logics have on ethical issues and our ability to act. This book examines the effects of digitalization on new modes of existence and subjectivation in many spheres: digital identity management systems, Big Data and machine learning, the Internet of Things, smart cities, etc. The study of these transformations is one of the major conditions for more responsible modes of data governance to emerge.

The Right to be Forgotten
The Right to be Forgotten

Author: Ignacio N Cofone

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-02-07

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13: 1000049361

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Exploring the evolution of the right to be forgotten, its challenges, and its impact on privacy, reputation, and online expression, this book lays out the current state of the law on the right to be forgotten in Canada and in the international context while addressing the broader theoretical tensions at its core. The essays contemplate questions such as: How does the right to be forgotten fit into existing legal frameworks? How can Canadian courts and policy-makers reconcile rights to privacy and rights to access publicly available information? Should search engines be regulated purely as commercial actors? What is the right’s impact on free speech and freedom of the press? Together, these essays address the questions that legal actors and policy-makers must consider as they move forward in shaping this new right through legislation, regulations, and jurisprudence. They address both the difficulties in introducing the right and the long-term effects it could have on the protection of online (and offline) reputation and speech. As the question of implementing the right to be forgotten in Canada has been put forward by the Privacy Commissioner and considered by courts, Canada is in need of academic literature on the matter; a need that, with this book, we intend to fulfill. The questions put forward in this book will thus advance the legal debate in Canada and provide a rich case study for the international legal community.

Digital Privacy Revisited
Digital Privacy Revisited

Author: Kaplan Daniel

Publisher: FYP editions

Published: 2011-10-03

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 2364050219

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Never before in our networked societies has the subject of personal privacy protection been so hotly debated. And never have so many methods been employed to capture and use personal data. Never have there been so many that have published so much about themselves on line... Paradox ? Lack of awareness ? Hypocrisy ? Or emergence of a new way to defend and exercise freedom, which we protect only in order to better project ourselves towards others, to the world ? This book offers new keys to understanding the relationship between computer science, freedom, privacy and identity. It proposes to replace a defensive approach to identity and privacy with a strategic approach. The aim is to share powerful technology, and equip individuals to the same degree as the services and organizations that want to learn more about them. The book explores new avenues, new tools, sometimes new rights, to grant privacy its true value: the ability to choose and control one's public life.

La vie privée à l’ère du numérique
La vie privée à l’ère du numérique

Author: REY Bénédicte

Publisher: Lavoisier

Published: 2012-09-05

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 2746281201

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La démocratisation de l'informatique, puis des usages de l'internet, de la téléphonie mobile, ou plus récemment d'autres objets communicants génèrent une profusion de traces numériques gardant en mémoire les actions des usagers. Approuvé par certains qui y voient l'opportunité d'améliorer la sécurité publique, la relation marchande ou encore leur propre confort quotidien, ce constat fait craindre à d'autres l'avènement d'une société de la surveillance érodant le respect de la vie privée. Cet ouvrage étudie la notion d'espace privé à l'ère du numérique. Il montre comment les changements technologiques, de services et d'usages redéfinissent l'acceptation traditionnelle de la vie privée fondée sur des normes, et comment, en complément du dispositif normatif existant, des modalités de régulation appropriables par les individus sont envisagées.

Artificial Communication
Artificial Communication

Author: Elena Esposito

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2022-05-24

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 0262046660

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A proposal that we think about digital technologies such as machine learning not in terms of artificial intelligence but as artificial communication. Algorithms that work with deep learning and big data are getting so much better at doing so many things that it makes us uncomfortable. How can a device know what our favorite songs are, or what we should write in an email? Have machines become too smart? In Artificial Communication, Elena Esposito argues that drawing this sort of analogy between algorithms and human intelligence is misleading. If machines contribute to social intelligence, it will not be because they have learned how to think like us but because we have learned how to communicate with them. Esposito proposes that we think of “smart” machines not in terms of artificial intelligence but in terms of artificial communication. To do this, we need a concept of communication that can take into account the possibility that a communication partner may be not a human being but an algorithm—which is not random and is completely controlled, although not by the processes of the human mind. Esposito investigates this by examining the use of algorithms in different areas of social life. She explores the proliferation of lists (and lists of lists) online, explaining that the web works on the basis of lists to produce further lists; the use of visualization; digital profiling and algorithmic individualization, which personalize a mass medium with playlists and recommendations; and the implications of the “right to be forgotten.” Finally, she considers how photographs today seem to be used to escape the present rather than to preserve a memory.

Surveillance, Privacy and Security
Surveillance, Privacy and Security

Author: Michael Friedewald

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-03-16

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 131721353X

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This volume examines the relationship between privacy, surveillance and security, and the alleged privacy–security trade-off, focusing on the citizen’s perspective. Recent revelations of mass surveillance programmes clearly demonstrate the ever-increasing capabilities of surveillance technologies. The lack of serious reactions to these activities shows that the political will to implement them appears to be an unbroken trend. The resulting move into a surveillance society is, however, contested for many reasons. Are the resulting infringements of privacy and other human rights compatible with democratic societies? Is security necessarily depending on surveillance? Are there alternative ways to frame security? Is it possible to gain in security by giving up civil liberties, or is it even necessary to do so, and do citizens adopt this trade-off? This volume contributes to a better and deeper understanding of the relation between privacy, surveillance and security, comprising in-depth investigations and studies of the common narrative that more security can only come at the expense of sacrifice of privacy. The book combines theoretical research with a wide range of empirical studies focusing on the citizen’s perspective. It presents empirical research exploring factors and criteria relevant for the assessment of surveillance technologies. The book also deals with the governance of surveillance technologies. New approaches and instruments for the regulation of security technologies and measures are presented, and recommendations for security policies in line with ethics and fundamental rights are discussed. This book will be of much interest to students of surveillance studies, critical security studies, intelligence studies, EU politics and IR in general. A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via www.tandfebooks.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 license.

The Philosophy of Law Meets the Philosophy of Technology
The Philosophy of Law Meets the Philosophy of Technology

Author: Mireille Hildebrandt

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2011-08-26

Total Pages: 249

ISBN-13: 1136807675

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Law, Human Agency and Autonomic Computing interrogates the legal implications of the notion and experience of human agency implied by the emerging paradigm of autonomic computing, and the socio-technical infrastructures it supports. The development of autonomic computing and ambient intelligence – self-governing systems – challenge traditional philosophical conceptions of human self-constitution and agency, with significant consequences for the theory and practice of constitutional self-government. Ideas of identity, subjectivity, agency, personhood, intentionality, and embodiment are all central to the functioning of modern legal systems. But once artificial entities become more autonomic, and less dependent on deliberate human intervention, criteria like agency, intentionality and self-determination, become too fragile to serve as defining criteria for human subjectivity, personality or identity, and for characterizing the processes through which individual citizens become moral and legal subjects. Are autonomic – yet artificial – systems shrinking the distance between (acting) subjects and (acted upon) objects? How ‘distinctively human’ will agency be in a world of autonomic computing? Or, alternatively, does autonomic computing merely disclose that we were never, in this sense, ‘human’ anyway? A dialogue between philosophers of technology and philosophers of law, this book addresses these questions, as it takes up the unprecedented opportunity that autonomic computing and ambient intelligence offer for a reassessment of the most basic concepts of law.

Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology
Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology

Author: Philippe Houdy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-09-13

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 3642201776

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Nanobiotechnology is a fast developing field of research and application in many domains such as in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and agro-industry. The book addresses the lastest fundamental results on nanotoxicology and nanoethics, and the enormous range of potential applications in the fields of medical diagnostics, nanomedicine, and food and water administration. Nanoscale objects have properties leading to specific kinds of behaviour, sometimes exacerbating their chemical reactivity, physical behaviour, or potential to penetrate deeply within living organisms. Hence it is important to ensure the responsible and safe development of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies. This fourth volume in the Nanoscience series should make its mark, by presenting the state of the art in the fields of nanotoxicology and nanoethics. This is the first book to combine both scientific knowledge and ethical and social recommendations. It also presents specific policies on nanotechnologies set up by national and international authorities. This book is of interest to engineers, researchers, and graduate students.

The End of Forgetting
The End of Forgetting

Author: Kate Eichhorn

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2019-07-09

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 067497669X

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Thanks to Facebook and Instagram, our childhoods have been captured and preserved online, never to go away. But what happens when we can’t leave our most embarrassing moments behind? Until recently, the awkward moments of growing up could be forgotten. But today we may be on the verge of losing the ability to leave our pasts behind. In The End of Forgetting, Kate Eichhorn explores what happens when images of our younger selves persist, often remaining just a click away. For today’s teenagers, many of whom spend hours each day posting on social media platforms, efforts to move beyond moments they regret face new and seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Unlike a high school yearbook or a shoebox full of old photos, the information that accumulates on social media is here to stay. What was once fleeting is now documented and tagged, always ready to surface and interrupt our future lives. Moreover, new innovations such as automated facial recognition also mean that the reappearance of our past is increasingly out of our control. Historically, growing up has been about moving on—achieving a safe distance from painful events that typically mark childhood and adolescence. But what happens when one remains tethered to the past? From the earliest days of the internet, critics have been concerned that it would endanger the innocence of childhood. The greater danger, Eichhorn warns, may ultimately be what happens when young adults find they are unable to distance themselves from their pasts. Rather than a childhood cut short by a premature loss of innocence, the real crisis of the digital age may be the specter of a childhood that can never be forgotten.

Virtuality and Capabilities in a World of Ambient Intelligence
Virtuality and Capabilities in a World of Ambient Intelligence

Author: Luiz Costa

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-08-31

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 3319391984

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This book is about power and freedoms in our technological world and has two main objectives. The first is to demonstrate that a theoretical exploration of the algorithmic governmentality hypothesis combined with the capability approach is useful for a better understanding of power and freedoms in Ambient Intelligence, a world where information and communication technologies are invisible, interconnected, context aware, personalized, adaptive to humans and act autonomously. The second is to argue that these theories are useful for a better comprehension of privacy and data protection concepts and the evolution of their regulation. Having these objectives in mind, the book outlines a number of theses based on two threads: first, the elimination of the social effects of uncertainty and the risks to freedoms and, second, the vindication of rights. Inspired by and building on the outcomes of different philosophical and legal approaches, this book embodies an effort to better understand the challenges posed by Ambient Intelligence technologies, opening paths for more effective realization of rights and rooting legal norms in the preservation of the potentiality of human capabilities.