This book gives a rather exhaustive list of isotropy subgroups of the 230 crystallographic space groups. The symmetry changes for the vast majority of observed phase transitions in crystalline solids can be found in the list. With each entry, information is given concerning both physical and abstract characteristics of the phase transitions.
This book gives a rather exhaustive list of isotropy subgroups of the 230 crystallographic space groups. The symmetry changes for the vast majority of observed phase transitions in crystalline solids can be found in the list. With each entry, information is given concerning both physical and abstract characteristics of the phase transitions.
The content of this volume has been added to eMagRes (formerly Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance) - the ultimate online resource for NMR and MRI. The term "NMR Crystallography" has only recently come into common usage, and even now causes raised eyebrows within some parts of the diffraction community. The power of solid-state NMR to give crystallographic information has considerably increased since the CPMAS suite of techniques was introduced in 1976. In the first years of the 21st century, the ability of NMR to provide information to support and facilitate the analysis of single-crystal and powder diffraction patterns has become widely accepted. Indeed, NMR can now be used to refine diffraction results and, in favorable cases, to solve crystal structures with minimal (or even no) diffraction data. The increasing ability to relate chemical shifts (including the tensor components) to the crystallographic location of relevant atoms in the unit cell via computational methods has added significantly to the practice of NMR crystallography. Diffraction experts will increasingly welcome NMR as an allied technique in their structural analyses. Indeed, it may be that in the future crystal structures will be determined by simultaneously fitting diffraction patterns and NMR spectra. This Handbook is organised into six sections. The first contains an overview and some articles on fundamental NMR topics, followed by a section concentrating on chemical shifts, and one on coupling interactions. The fourth section contains articles describing how NMR results relate to fundamental crystallography concepts and to diffraction methods. The fifth section concerns specific aspects of structure, such as hydrogen bonding. Finally, four articles in the sixth section give applications of NMR crystallography to structural biology, organic & pharmaceutical chemistry, inorganic & materials chemistry, and geochemistry. About EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks The Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance (up to 2012) and eMagRes (from 2013 onward) publish a wide range of online articles on all aspects of magnetic resonance in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. The existence of this large number of articles, written by experts in various fields, is enabling the publication of a series of EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks on specific areas of NMR and MRI. The chapters of each of these handbooks will comprise a carefully chosen selection of articles from eMagRes. In consultation with the eMagRes Editorial Board, the EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks are coherently planned in advance by specially-selected Editors, and new articles are written (together with updates of some already existing articles) to give appropriate complete coverage. The handbooks are intended to be of value and interest to research students, postdoctoral fellows and other researchers learning about the scientific area in question and undertaking relevant experiments, whether in academia or industry. Have the content of this Handbook and the complete content of eMagRes at your fingertips! Visit: www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eMagRes View other eMagRes publications here
This comprehensively revised – essentially rewritten – new edition of the 1990 edition (described as "extremely useful" by MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS and as "understandable and comprehensive" by Scitech) guides readers through the dense array of mathematical information in the International Tables Volume A. Thus, most scientists seeking to understand a crystal structure publication can do this from this book without necessarily having to consult the International Tables themselves. This remains the only book aimed at non-crystallographers devoted to teaching them about crystallographic space groups. - Reflecting the bewildering array of recent changes to the International Tables, this new edition brings the standard of science well up-to-date, reorganizes the logical order of chapters, improves diagrams and presents clearer explanations to aid understanding - Clarifies, condenses and simplifies the meaning of the deeply written, complete Tables of Crystallography into manageable chunks - Provides a detailed, multi-factor, interdisciplinary explanation of how to use the International Tables for a number of possible, hitherto unexplored uses - Presents essential knowledge to those needing the necessary but missing pedagogical support and detailed advice – useful for instance in symmetry of domain walls in solids
This Second Edition provides solid state scientists, who are not necessarily experts in crystallography, with an understandable and comprehensive guide to the new International Tables for Crystallography. The basic ideas of symmetry, lattices, point groups, and space groups are explained in a clear and detailed manner. Notation is introduced in a step-by-step way so that the reader is supplied with the tools necessary to derive and apply space group information. Of particular interest in this second edition are the discussions of space groups application to such timely topics as high-temperature superconductors, phase transitions, semiconductor superlattices, incommensurate modulation, and icosahedral symmetry. Key Features * Explains the use of space groups to non-crystallographers * Applies space groups to current topics, such as high-temperature superconductors and phase transitions * Includes extensive appendixes, covering all aspects of space groups, including incommensurate modulations and disorder
This volume reviews some selected problems in solid state physics with an emphasis on adequate mathematical tools. The three main subjects are magnetic structures and neutron scattering; Berry phases and energy bands in solids (symmetry, analicity, Hofstadter butterfly, van Hove singularities); and quasicrystals, finite systems, and group action on sets (unitary group approach, Schur functions). Software presentations are included as a separate part.
The history of applications of space group theory to solid state physics goes back more than five decades. The periodicity of the lattice and the definition of a k-space were the corner-stones of this application. Prof. Volker Heine in Vol. 35 of Solid State Physics (1980) noted that, even in perfect crystals, where k-space methods are appropriate, the local properties (such as the charge densi ty, bond order, etc.) are defined by the local environment of one atom. Natural ly, "k-space methods" are not appropriate for crystals with point defects, sur faces and interfaces, or for amorphous materials. In such cases the real-space approach favored by chemists to describe molecules has turned out to be very useful. To span the gulf between the k-space and real space methods it is helpful to recall that atoms in crystalline solids possess a site symmetry defined by the symmetry of the local environment of the atom occupying the site. The site symmetry concept is familiar to crystallographers and commonly used by them in the description of crystalline structures. However, in the application of group theory to solid state physics problems, the site symmetry approach has been used only for the last ten to fifteen years. In our book Methods oj Group Theory in the Quantum Chemistry oj Solids published in Russian in 1987 by Leningrad University Press we gave the first results of this application to the theory of electronic structure of crystals.
This book deals with the phenomenological theory of first-order structural phase transitions, with a special emphasis on reconstructive transformations in which a group-subgroup relationship between the symmetries of the phases is absent. It starts with a unified presentation of the current approach to first-order phase transitions, using the more recent results of the Landau theory of phase transitions and of the theory of singularities. A general theory of reconstructive phase transitions is then formulated, in which the structures surrounding a transition are expressed in terms of density-waves, providing a natural definition of the transition order-parameters, and a description of the corresponding phase diagrams and relevant physical properties. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by a large number of concrete examples pertaining to the various classes of reconstructive transitions: allotropic transformations of the elements, displacive and order-disorder transformations in metals, alloys and related structures, crystal-quasicrystal transformations.
This most comprehensive and unrivaled compendium in the field provides an up-to-date account of the chemistry of solids, nanoparticles and hybrid materials. Following a valuable introductory chapter reviewing important synthesis techniques, the handbook presents a series of contributions by about 150 international leading experts -- the "Who's Who" of solid state science. Clearly structured, in six volumes it collates the knowledge available on solid state chemistry, starting from the synthesis, and modern methods of structure determination. Understanding and measuring the physical properties of bulk solids and the theoretical basis of modern computational treatments of solids are given ample space, as are such modern trends as nanoparticles, surface properties and heterogeneous catalysis. Emphasis is placed throughout not only on the design and structure of solids but also on practical applications of these novel materials in real chemical situations.
