Iron and zinc translocation from senescent leaves to grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Akteur) in response to nitrogen fertilization and citric acid application

Iron and zinc translocation from senescent leaves to grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Akteur) in response to nitrogen fertilization and citric acid application

Author: Nunun Barunawati

Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag

Published: 2012-11-02

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 3736942664

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Die Mikronährstoffe Fe und Zn werden von Samen für die Entwicklung des Keimlings benötigt. Getreidekörner besitzen geringe Fe und Zn Gehalte und sind deshalb eine schlechte Quelle dieser Mikronährstoffe für die menschliche Ernährung.Um eine Anreicherung von Mikronährstoffen in Getreidekörnern zu erreichen, müssen jene aufgenommen, von der Wurzel zu Blättern oder Stängeln transloziert und von seneszenten Blättern oder Stängeln in die sich entwickelnden Körner retransloziert werden. Es ist bekannt, dass Stickstoffernährung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Retranslokation von Mikronährstoffen spielt, da die Anregung der Synthese von N-haltigen Fe Chelatoren wie Nikotianamin und Phytosiderophoren zu einer erleichterten Langstreckentranslokation dieser Metalle führen kann. Andererseits könnte eine N Düngung auch entgegengerichtet wirken, da dadurch Seneszenz verzögert wird und Mikronährstoffe in vegetativen Organen festgehalten werden. Bisher wurden die meisten Studien zu Mirkronährstoffretranslokation während der Blattseneszenz in hydroponischer Kultur oder in Topfexperimenten durchgeführt. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte deshalb den Effekt unterschiedlicher N Düngungsformen auf Blattseneszenz und Mikronährstoffanreicherung in Weizenkörnern (Triticum aestivum cv. Akteur) unter Feldbedingungen in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren. Es wurde beobachtet, dass die Seneszenz des Fahnenblattes durch N Düngung verzögert war und zwar besonders dann, wenn N in Form von Nitrat oder Ammonium angeboten wurde, wohingegen Harnstoff weniger effektvoll war. In beiden Feldexperimenten führte die Zugabe von Ammonium nach der Blüte zu einem erhöhten Fe und Zn Gehalt in den Körnern. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass diese Behandlung eine vielversprechende Strategie zur verbesserten Anreicherung dieser Mikronährstoffen in Weizenkörnern darstellt. Die Stickstoffversorgung führte auch zu erhöhten Nikotianamingehalten in Blättern und Blattexudaten, wohingegen die Phytosiderophorkonzentrationen weit weniger von den N Behandlungen beeinflusst waren. In einem Versuch die Fe und Zn Mobilisierung zu verbessern wurde Zitrat auf seneszierende Blätter von Freilandweizen gesprüht und die Mikronährstoffanreicherung in den Körnern gemessen. In N-gedüngten Pflanzen erhöhte die Zitratapplikation die Zitratexudation von seneszierenden Blättern nicht und die Fe und Zn Anreicherung in Körnern blieb unverändert. In ungedüngten Pflanzen hingegen erhöhte die Zitratapplikation die Zitratgehalte in den Exudaten seneszenter Blätter und führte zu signifikant erhöhten Fe Gehalten in den Körnern. In diesem Fall ist der positive Effekt der Zitratapplikation höchstwahrscheinlich auf eine verbesserte Fe Solubilisierung durch Zitrat in den Fahnenblättern zurück zu führen, da diese Behandlung keinen Effekt auf die Nikotianamin- und Phytosiderophorgehalte hatte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass N Düngung die Fe und Zn Anreicherung von Weizenkörnern verbessern kann und zwar besonders dann, wenn die unterschiedlichen Effekte der N Düngerform berücksichtigt werden, während die Zitratapplikation zu keiner erhöhten Fe und Zn Anreicherung in den Körnern geführt hat.


Climate Change and Food Security

Climate Change and Food Security

Author: David B. Lobell

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-12-21

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9048129524

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Roughly a billion people around the world continue to live in state of chronic hunger and food insecurity. Unfortunately, efforts to improve their livelihoods must now unfold in the context of a rapidly changing climate, in which warming temperatures and changing rainfall regimes could threaten the basic productivity of the agricultural systems on which most of the world’s poor directly depend. But whether climate change represents a minor impediment or an existential threat to development is an area of substantial controversy, with different conclusions wrought from different methodologies and based on different data. This book aims to resolve some of the controversy by exploring and comparing the different methodologies and data that scientists use to understand climate’s effects on food security. In explains the nature of the climate threat, the ways in which crops and farmers might respond, and the potential role for public and private investment to help agriculture adapt to a warmer world. This broader understanding should prove useful to both scientists charged with quantifying climate threats, and policy-makers responsible for crucial decisions about how to respond. The book is especially suitable as a companion to an interdisciplinary undergraduate or graduate level class.


Water and Land Security in Drylands

Water and Land Security in Drylands

Author: Mohamed Ouessar

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-04-25

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 3319540211

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This book presents recent lessons learned in the context of research and development for various dryland ecosystems, focusing on water resources management, land and vegetation cover degradation and remediation, and socioeconomic aspects, as well as integrated approaches to ensuring water and land security in view of the current and predicted climate change. As water and land are the essential bases of food production, the management of these natural resources is becoming a cornerstone for the development of dryland populations. The book gathers the peer-reviewed, revised versions of the most outstanding papers on these topics presented at the ILDAC2015 Conference in Djerba, Tunisia.


Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology

Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology

Author: Lorenzo Lamattina

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-01-30

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 3540451315

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This book presents recent advances in the study of nitric oxide (NO) biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology in plants. It provides an overview of current understanding of the NO actions involved in adaptive responses of plant fitness to environmental constraints. Coverage places special emphasis on NO-dependent signaling, molecular adjustments, and targets as key elements in plant growth, development, and stress physiology.


Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology

Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology

Author: Karl-Hermann Neumann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-04-28

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 3540938834

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This book provides a general introduction as well as a selected survey of key advances in the fascinating field of plant cell and tissue culture as a tool in biotechnology. After a detailed description of the various basic techniques employed in leading laboratories worldwide, follows an extended account of important applications in, for example, plant propagation, secondary metabolite production and gene technology. Additionally, some chapters are devoted to historical developments in this domain, metabolic aspects, nutrition, growth regulators, differentiation and the development of culture systems. The book will prove useful to both newcomers and specialists, and even “old hands” in tissue culture should find some challenging ideas to think about.


Grapevine Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology

Grapevine Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology

Author: Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-06-04

Total Pages: 636

ISBN-13: 9048123054

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Grapevine is one of the most widely cultivated plant species worldwide. With the publication of the grapevine genome sequence in 2007, a new horizon in grapevine research has unfolded. Thus, we felt that a new edition of ‘Molecular Biology & Biotechnology of the Grapevine’ could expand on all the latest scientific developments. In this edition and with the aid of 73 scientists from 15 countries, ten chapters describe new aspects of Grapevine Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology and eleven chapters have been revised and updated. This book is intended to be a reference book for researchers, scientists and biotechnological companies, who want to be updated in viticultural research, but also it can be used as a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students, who are interested in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Plants with an emphasis on the Grapevine.


Date Palm Biotechnology

Date Palm Biotechnology

Author: Shri Mohan Jain

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-08-13

Total Pages: 745

ISBN-13: 9400713185

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This important reference book is the first comprehensive resource worldwide that reflects research achievements in date palm biotechnology, documenting research events during the last four decades, current status, and future outlook. This book is essential for researchers, policy makers, and commercial entrepreneurs concerned with date palm. The book is invaluable for date palm biotechnology students and specialists. This monument is written by an international team of experienced researchers from both academia and industry. It consists of five sections covering all aspects of date palm biotechnology including A) Micropropagation, B) Somaclonal Variation, Mutation and Selection, C) Germplasm Biodiversity and Conservation, D) Genetics and Genetic Improvement, and E) Metabolites and Industrial Biotechnology. The book brings together the principles and practices of contemporary date palm biotechnology. Each chapter contains background knowledge related to the topic, followed by a comprehensive literature review of research methodology and results including the authors own experience including illustrative tables and photographs.


Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources

Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources

Author: Denys J. Charles

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-27

Total Pages: 589

ISBN-13: 1461443105

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The scientific world and modern society today is experiencing the dawning of an era of herbal medicine. Extensive research has shown that aromatic plants are important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti aging and immune boosting delectable foods, with the magic and miracle to boost our immune system providing us with extended and an improved quality of life. Apart from making bland recipes into welcoming or interesting victories, herbs and spices have stirred the minds of the research community to look deeper into its active components from a functional perspective. It is essential to present the scientific and medicinal aspect of herbs and spices together with the analysis of constituents, its medicinal application, toxicology and its physiological effects. Herbs and spices with high levels of antioxidants are in great demand as they tend to promote health and prevent diseases naturally assuring increased safety and reliability for consumers. Herbs and spices are not only known for taste and flavor, but today research has opened up a new realm in which the antioxidant properties of these aromatic plants provide preservation for foods and health benefits for consumers who look forward to concrete scientific research to guide them further and explore herbal medicine. The aim of this book is to create awareness in society about the reliability of medicinal properties of certain herbs and spices through scientific and scholarly research.


Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms

Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms

Author: Larry L. Barton

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-20

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13: 9781402066238

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This book provides a comprehensive review on the status of iron nutrition in plants. It contains updated reviews of most relevant issues involving Fe in plants and combines research on molecular biology with physiological studies of plant-iron nutrition. It also covers molecular aspects of iron uptake and storage in Arabidopsis and transmembrane movement and translocation of iron in plants. This book should serve to stimulate continued exploration in the field.