Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains
Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains

Author: James Parkinson

Publisher: Forgotten Books

Published: 2015-06-11

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9781330039847

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Excerpt from Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains: Especially Those Found in the British Strata The following pages arc dedicated to the service of those Admirers of Fossils who have not yet entered into a strict examination of the distinctive characters of these interesting substances. An attempt is made, in this slight But comprehensive sketch, to show the difference of forms and structure in the numerous organised beings with which the earth was peopled before the creation of man; to mark the several circumstances in which they agreed with, or differed from, the inhabitants of the present world; and to point out, from the strata in which they exist, the order in which they probably were formed. The limits of this publication will not always allow a full statement of those minute distinctions which are the objects of research of the more advanced enquirer; but sufficient, it is hoped, will be introduced to enable the student to detect the more decided and more important characters of these substances, and to place them under their appropriate genera. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Encyclopedia of Geochemistry
Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Author: William M. White

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-07-24

Total Pages: 1680

ISBN-13: 9783319393117

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The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.