Intimate Partner Violence Among Hiv Serodiscordant Couples In Durban, South Africa
Intimate Partner Violence Among Hiv Serodiscordant Couples In Durban, South Africa

Author: Andrew Tomita

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Background: South Africa has a high prevalence rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV, which can be further exacerbated by HIV serodiscordancy in the couple dyad. Further exploration of the discordancy sidedness in known mediating factors, such as alcohol abuse risk and post-traumatic stress, are also required. This paper aimed to investigate the extent of and gender differences in IPV, alcohol abuse risk and posttraumatic stress symptoms among HIV serodiscordant couples in Durban, South Africa, and to further analyze this with respect to female HIV serostatus.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the data was conducted on 30 serodiscordant couples at the point of enrolment into a pilot study of an HIV risk reduction intervention. The statistical procedure for a dependent small sample was applied to examine gender differences in IPV, alcohol use and posttraumatic stress symptoms among HIV serodiscordant couples.Results: Of the 30 serodiscordant couples enrolled, the women were HIV positive in 18 (60%). The IPV exposure between men (28.57%) and women (89.29%) was significantly different (Proportionaldifference = -0.61, 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.39). Posttraumatic stress symptoms scores between men (Mdn=22; IQR=23) and women (Mdn=44; IQR=28) were significantly different, based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p=0.03). When the above analysis was stratified by female HIV serostatus, we found significant gender differences in IPV and post-traumatic stress in the couples where the female was HIV positive. However, there was a significant gender difference only in IPV where the female was HIV negative. There were no significant gender differences for alcohol abuse risk.Conclusions: The findings demonstrated high levels of IPV in HIV serodiscordant couples, and significant gender difference in mental health risk (i.e. post-traumatic stress) in such relationships, particularly where the woman was HIV positive. HIV intervention programs should address gender-based violence and inequity among heterosexual couples.

Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa
Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

Author: Sheila Omolayowa Ojeaburu

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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We examined the impact of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) on HIV outcomes among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Durban, South Africa. We assessed past-year IPV using the WHO Violence Against Women Questionnaire. We conducted logistic regression to assess associations between demographic variables and IPV at baseline, and between IPV at baseline and longitudinal HIV outcomes. Among 235 WLHIV, 17% reported past-year emotional, physical, or sexual IPV. At baseline, past-year IPV was associated with 4.35-fold odds of HIV-disclosure to partner (95% CI 1.17-16.10) after controlling for children, education, and harmful alcohol use. In the prospective analysis, IPV was associated with not achieving the co-primary outcome of retention in care and viral suppression in univariate (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.04-5.18), but not in the multivariate model. In the context of rapid treatment scale-up, the high burden of IPV among WLHIV needs to be prioritized, with an emphasis on disclosure support.

Disclosure Within HIV-Affected Families
Disclosure Within HIV-Affected Families

Author: Grace Gachanja

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2018-08-29

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 2889455262

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While HIV/AIDS is a global public heath challenge, its impact is arguably greatest in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where new infections account for approximately 66% of the total number of HIV-positive persons globally. In SSA, medical, social, and economic resources are limited, thus necessitating innovative approaches to disease prevention. One of the mechanisms of prevention that is most promising occurs through HIV disclosure to family members (e.g., adult sexual partners) generally, and to children in particular. Our emphasis in this eBook is on HIV disclosure to children because it has multiple benefits, including improved adherence to antiretroviral medication treatment and understanding at an early age of the impact of sexual activity on the spread of HIV. While there is a noticeable gap in research on HIV disclosure to younger children, some of the general reasons for non-disclosure include concerns about fear of adult partners leaving relationships, and that children are too young to comprehend the severity of the situation and may tell others outside the family. Thus, it is critical to better understand how the HIV disclosure process happens (or does not happen) within HIV-affected families, as well as the best practices on how to disclose. In this eBook, we present a combination of empirical research studies and critical literature reviews that investigate the reasons for and for not disclosing HIV status within HIV-affected families and provide evidence-based practices that could be adopted by healthcare professionals to help HIV-positive parents facilitate disclosure activities within these families. This information can also be used by researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders who are in a position to influence policies on effective HIV disclosure practices, guidelines, and programs.

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence in HIV-seropositive Women in Serodiscordant Relationships
Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence in HIV-seropositive Women in Serodiscordant Relationships

Author: Anne Kaggiah

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 15

ISBN-13:

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Intimate partner violence (IPV), is behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual, or emotional harm. It is the most common form of gender based violence (GBV) and is a major public health problem, with a global and African prevalence of 30% and 37%, respectively. This was a cross-sectional analysis that enrolled HIV-seropositive women in serodiscordant relationships who were at least 18 years of age and provided a written informed consent to participate in the study. Participants were asked 13 questions adapted from the World Health Organization survey on violence against women about physical, sexual, or emotional violence in the past year, by the current partner. Correlates of IPV were assessed using standardized instruments. To estimate the association between correlates and past year IPV, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. Overall, 47/159 (29.6%, 95% CI 22.9-37.2%) reported experiencing IPV in the past year. In the multivariate analysis, pregnancy (aOR 9.78, 1.98-48.26), male partner controlling behavior (aOR 3.18, 1.44-7.03), past physical violence by someone other than the current partner (aOR 3.78, 1.32-10.78) and alcohol use (minimal aOR 3.78, 1.45- 9.87, moderate/high aOR 1.12, 0.20-6.14), were associated with higher likelihood of reporting IPV in the past year. Programs caring for HIV-positive women in serodiscordant relationships should consider screening these women for IPV. Additionally, the study identified a potential period of risk (pregnancy), an identifiable risk factor (previous violence), and potentially modifiable behaviors of women and their partners (alcohol use and partner controlling behavior) that were associated with a greater likelihood of IPV in the past year.

Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases

Author: John E. Bennett, MD, MACP

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2014-08-28

Total Pages: 5094

ISBN-13: 1455748013

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After thirty five years, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition is still the reference of choice for comprehensive, global guidance on diagnosing and treating the most challenging infectious diseases. Drs. John E. Bennett and Raphael Dolin along with new editorial team member Dr. Martin Blaser have meticulously updated this latest edition to save you time and to ensure you have the latest clinical and scientific knowledge at your fingertips. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition helps you identify and treat whatever infectious disease you see. Get the answers to questions you have with more in-depth coverage of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents than you'll find in any other infectious disease resource. Find the latest diagnoses and treatments for currently recognized and newly emerging infectious diseases, such as those caused by avian and swine influenza viruses. Put the latest knowledge to work in your practice with new or completely revised chapters on influenza (new pandemic strains); new Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus; probiotics; antibiotics for resistant bacteria; antifungal drugs; new antivirals for hepatitis B and C; Clostridium difficile treatment; sepsis; advances in HIV prevention and treatment; viral gastroenteritis; Lyme disease; Helicobacter pylori; malaria; infections in immunocompromised hosts; immunization (new vaccines and new recommendations); and microbiome. Benefit from fresh perspectives and global insights from an expanded team of international contributors. Find and grasp the information you need easily and rapidly with newly added chapter summaries. These bulleted templates include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention and are designed as a quick summary of the chapter and to enhance relevancy in search and retrieval on Expert Consult. Stay current on Expert Consult with a thorough and regularly scheduled update program that ensures access to new developments in the field, advances in therapy, and timely information. Access the information you need easily and rapidly with new succinct chapter summaries that include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. Experience clinical scenarios with vivid clarity through a richly illustrated, full-color format that includes 1500 photographs for enhanced visual guidance.

International Encyclopedia of Public Health
International Encyclopedia of Public Health

Author: William C Cockerham

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-10-06

Total Pages: 4477

ISBN-13: 0128037083

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International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is an authoritative and comprehensive guide to the major issues, challenges, methods, and approaches of global public health. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this new edition combines complementary scientific fields of inquiry, linking biomedical research with the social and life sciences to address the three major themes of public health research, disease, health processes, and disciplines. This book helps readers solve real-world problems in global and local health through a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. Covering all dimensions of the field, from the details of specific diseases, to the organization of social insurance agencies, the articles included cover the fundamental research areas of health promotion, economics, and epidemiology, as well as specific diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and reproductive health. Additional articles on the history of public health, global issues, research priorities, and health and human rights make this work an indispensable resource for students, health researchers, and practitioners alike. Provides the most comprehensive, high-level, internationally focused reference work available on public health Presents an invaluable resource for both researchers familiar with the field and non-experts requiring easy-to-find, relevant, global information and a greater understanding of the wider issues Contains interdisciplinary coverage across all aspects of public health Incorporates biomedical and health social science issues and perspectives Includes an international focus with contributions from global domain experts, providing a complete picture of public health issues

Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book

Author: John E. Bennett

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2014-09-02

Total Pages: 5094

ISBN-13: 0323263739

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After thirty five years, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition is still the reference of choice for comprehensive, global guidance on diagnosing and treating the most challenging infectious diseases. Drs. John E. Bennett and Raphael Dolin along with new editorial team member Dr. Martin Blaser have meticulously updated this latest edition to save you time and to ensure you have the latest clinical and scientific knowledge at your fingertips. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition helps you identify and treat whatever infectious disease you see. Get the answers to any questions you have with more in-depth coverage of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents than you’ll find in any other ID resource. Apply the latest knowledge with updated diagnoses and treatments for currently recognized and newly emerging infectious diseases, such as those caused by avian and swine influenza viruses. Put the latest knowledge to work in your practice with new or completely revised chapters on Influenza (new pandemic strains); New Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Virus; Probiotics; Antibiotics for resistant bacteria; Antifungal drugs; New Antivirals for hepatitis B and C; Clostridium difficile treatment; Sepsis; Advances in HIV prevention and treatment; Viral gastroenteritis; Lyme Disease; Helicobacter pylori; Malaria; Infections in immunocompromised hosts; Immunization (new vaccines and new recommendations); and Microbiome. Benefit from fresh perspectives and expanded global insights from an expanded team of American and International contributors. Martin Blaser, MD, a leading expert and Muriel G. and George W. Singer Professional of Translational Medicine at New York University School of Medicine, joins veteran PPID editors John E. Bennett, MD, and Raphael Dolin, MD to continue a legacy of excellence. Find and grasp the information you need easily and rapidly with newly added chapter summaries.