History of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

History of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Author: Gabriele Balbi

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-06-08

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 3110669706

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This book focuses on the history of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), from its origins in the mid-19th century to nowadays. ITU was the first international organization ever and still plays a crucial role in managing global telecommunications today. Putting together some of the most relevant scholars in the field of transnational communications, the book covers the history of ITU from 1865 to digital times in a truly global perspective, taking into account several technologies like the telegraph, the telephone, cables, wireless, radio, television, satellites, mobile phone, the internet and others. The main goal is to identify the long-term strategies of regulation and the techno-diplomatic manoeuvres taken inside ITU, from convincing the majority of the nations to establish the official seat of the Telegraph Union bureau in Switzerland in the 1860s, to contrasting the multi-stakeholder model of Internet governance (supported by US and ICANN). History of the International Telecommunication Union is a trans-disciplinary text and can be interesting for scholars and students in the fields of telecommunications, media, international organizations, transnational communication, diplomacy, political economy of communication, STS, and others. It has the ambition to become a reference point in the history of ITU and, at the same time, just the fi rst comprehensive step towards a longer, inter-technological, political and cultural history of transnational communications to be written in the future.


History of the International Telecommunication Union

History of the International Telecommunication Union

Author: Andreas Fickers

Publisher: De Gruyter Oldenbourg

Published: 2020-01-13

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 9783110669602

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Information and communication technologies are networked. Exchanging information between two points in a network requires both the definition of what kind of information is to be exchanged (standardization) and the definition of rules and procedures of how this information is produced, circulated, and received (regulation). As such, processes of standardization (the negotiation and definition of technical standards) and regimes of regulation (their implementation and control by a legally and/or politically recognized institution) are at the heart of techno-political diplomacy, because they involve a multitude of actors (technical, economic, and political) and arenas (platforms of negotiation) on national, international, and transnational levels. As the term techno-diplomacy suggests, these processes are characterized by strategic actions, and tactical maneuvers among all actors involved and generally require a high degree of both technical knowledge and diplomatic skills by the negotiating parties. This book aims at studying the role of one specific actor in the field of standardization and regulation of information and communication technologies, the International Telecommunication Union from its origins in the mid-19th century to nowadays. In this technodiplomatic game, ITU has been indeed an actor and had a key-role in different realms such as regulations of tariffs, technological standardization and homogeneity, establishment of shared norms, promotion and support of projects and studies for example in developing countries.


International Communications

International Communications

Author: Francis Lyall

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-22

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 1317114345

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The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) are the two major international organisations that are involved in the regulation of international communications. The ITU deals with electronic communications including radio. The UPU deals with mail. As such, both organisations are of major importance in modern life. This volume provides an up-to-date analysis of their development from inception to the present as they have responded to technical and political change. It also makes suggestions for the future. The volume will be an invaluable resource for researchers and students, policy-makers, government officials and administrators, and legal staff in telecommunication and postal organisations.


International Telecommunications Law and Policy

International Telecommunications Law and Policy

Author: Uchenna Jerome Orji

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2019-01-18

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 1527526410

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Since the revolution in modern telecommunications that followed the invention of the telegraph, telecommunication networks have provided channels for the fast delivery of communications across national borders. This transnational nature of telecommunication networks have led to the establishment of international regulatory regimes on the subject. On the other hand, developing countries consider regional economic integration as a major strategy for promoting trade and development, telecommunications have been seen within this context as a strategic tool for facilitating regional economic integration. This has also led to the establishment of regional telecommunication regulatory regimes that aim to promote regional integration and regulatory harmonization. This book discusses telecommunication regimes established by international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, the International Telecommunication Union, the World Trade Organization, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, and the Southern African Development Community, among a number of others. It will be relevant to policy makers, regulators, lawyers, law students, investors and telecommunication operators, as well as any person interested in international and African regional telecommunication regimes.


The ITU and Managing Satellite Orbital and Spectrum Resources in the 21st Century

The ITU and Managing Satellite Orbital and Spectrum Resources in the 21st Century

Author: Audrey L. Allison

Publisher: Springer Science & Business

Published: 2014-05-03

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13: 3319053140

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Access to satellite orbits and spectrum is managed by the ITU, a United Nations body that strives to extend the benefits of new technologies to the world, while ensuring equitable access to these resources. This book explores how the ITU approaches these dual missions in light of the increasing saturation of the geostationary orbit by a vibrant global satellite industry and the rising interests of developing countries in accessing these limited resources. These issues were the subject of debate at the 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference. This book describes and assesses various regulatory approaches undertaken to manage the increasing requests for access to space and especially access to spectrum and orbital locations in the geosynchronous or “The Clarke” orbit.


The International Radio Regulations

The International Radio Regulations

Author: Mohamed Ali El-Moghazi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-01-01

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 3030885712

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This book provides an in-depth introduction to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) and the policies that govern them. Established in 1906, these regulations define the allocation of different frequency bands to different radio services, the mandatory technical parameters to be observed by radio stations, especially transmitters, and the procedures for spectrum use coordination at the international level. The book analyzes the interactions between different national policies and the ITU RR, noting how these interactions influence spectrum policy on the national level, setting up a comparative framework within which to view these regulations and their effects. Beginning with an overview of the history of the origins ITU RR, the book takes a deep dive into the components of spectrum management including radio communication service allocation, wireless technology selection, radio usage rights, and spectrum rights assignment, placing each analysis within the context of the push and pull between national and international regulations. The book concludes with chapters discussing issues affecting the future of spectrum policy, including spectrum policy reform in developing countries, the WRC-19, and IMT-2020. Shedding light on the longest-running treaty documents in the history of modern telecommunications and arguing for reforms that allow it to address the needs of all nations, this book is useful to scholars and students of telecom policy, digital policy, ICT, governance, and development as well as telecom industry practitioners and regulators.


Understanding Cybercrime

Understanding Cybercrime

Author: United Nations Publications

Publisher: UN

Published: 2017-07-31

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789261156411

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Cyber attacks are on the rise. The media constantly report about data breaches and increasingly sophisticated cybercrime. Even governments are affected. At the same time, it is obvious that technology alone cannot solve the problem. What can countries do? Which issues can be addressed by policies and legislation? How to draft a good law? The report assists countries in understanding what cybercrime is about, what the challenges are in fighting such crime and supports them in drafting policies and laws.


Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS

Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS

Author: Jithesh Sathyan

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2016-04-19

Total Pages: 564

ISBN-13: 1420085743

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In this era where data and voice services are available at a push of a button, service providers have virtually limitless options for reaching their customers with value-added services. The changes in services and underlying networks that this always-on culture creates make it essential for service providers to understand the evolving business logi


International Power and International Communication

International Power and International Communication

Author: Mark D. Alleyne

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-27

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 1349241857

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Over seven chapters the book shows how international communication has been shaped by the structure of international political power and how these means of global communication have in turn been strategic tools for the exercise of international political power. There are separate chapters on global news flows, the international trade in cultural products (films, books, advertising, recorded music, periodicals and books), and government propaganda activities. The politics of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) are analysed.


Internet of Things for Architects

Internet of Things for Architects

Author: Perry Lea

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2018-01-22

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 1788475747

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Learn to design, implement and secure your IoT infrastructure Key Features Build a complete IoT system that is the best fit for your organization Learn about different concepts, technologies, and tradeoffs in the IoT architectural stack Understand the theory, concepts, and implementation of each element that comprises IoT design—from sensors to the cloud Implement best practices to ensure the reliability, scalability, robust communication systems, security, and data analysis in your IoT infrastructure Book Description The Internet of Things (IoT) is the fastest growing technology market. Industries are embracing IoT technologies to improve operational expenses, product life, and people's well-being. An architectural guide is necessary if you want to traverse the spectrum of technologies needed to build a successful IoT system, whether that's a single device or millions of devices. This book encompasses the entire spectrum of IoT solutions, from sensors to the cloud. We start by examining modern sensor systems and focus on their power and functionality. After that, we dive deep into communication theory, paying close attention to near-range PAN, including the new Bluetooth® 5.0 specification and mesh networks. Then, we explore IP-based communication in LAN and WAN, including 802.11ah, 5G LTE cellular, SigFox, and LoRaWAN. Next, we cover edge routing and gateways and their role in fog computing, as well as the messaging protocols of MQTT and CoAP. With the data now in internet form, you'll get an understanding of cloud and fog architectures, including the OpenFog standards. We wrap up the analytics portion of the book with the application of statistical analysis, complex event processing, and deep learning models. Finally, we conclude by providing a holistic view of the IoT security stack and the anatomical details of IoT exploits while countering them with software defined perimeters and blockchains. What you will learn Understand the role and scope of architecting a successful IoT deployment, from sensors to the cloud Scan the landscape of IoT technologies that span everything from sensors to the cloud and everything in between See the trade-offs in choices of protocols and communications in IoT deployments Build a repertoire of skills and the vernacular necessary to work in the IoT space Broaden your skills in multiple engineering domains necessary for the IoT architect Who this book is for This book is for architects, system designers, technologists, and technology managers who want to understand the IoT ecosphere, various technologies, and tradeoffs and develop a 50,000-foot view of IoT architecture.