Internal Conversion Processes documents the proceedings of the International Conference on the Internal Conversion Process held at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee on May 10-13, 1965. This compilation discusses the internal conversion theory; experimental methods for the determination of internal conversion coefficients; and conversion electron-gamma directional correlation. Other topics include the application of the internal-external conversion (IEC) method to the lens-type spectrometer; anomalies of E2 conversion coefficients in the deformed-nucleus region; and conversion coefficients of mixed E2-M1 rotational transitions. The anomalous El conversion; internal conversion electrons from primary fission fragments; particle parameters measured in pure transitions; and survey of El transitions in the rare earth region are also discussed in this book. This publication is a good reference for nuclear physicists and researchers conducting work on the various types of measurements that involve internal conversion electrons.
The physics of atomic inner shells has undergone significant advances in recent years. Fast computers and new experimental tools, notably syn chrotron-radiation sources and heavy-ion accelerators, have greatly enhan ced the scope of problems that are accessible. The level of research activity is growing substantially; added incentives are provided by the importance of inner-shell processes in such diverse areas as plasma studies, astrophysics, laser technology, biology, medicine, and materials science. The main reason for all this exciting activity in atomic inner-shell physics, to be sure, lies in the significance of the fundamental problems that are coming within grasp. The large energies of many inner-shell processes cause relativistic and quantum-electrodynamic effects to become strong. Unique opportunities exist for delicate tests of such phenomena as the screening of the electron self-energy and the limits of validity of the present form of the frequency-dependent Breit interaction, to name but two. The many-body problem, which pervades virtually all of physics, presents somewhat less intractable aspects in the atomic inner-shell regime: correlations are relatively weak so that they can be treated perturbatively, and the basic potential is simple and known! The dynamics of inner-shell processes are characterized by exceedingly short lifetimes and high transition rates that strain perturbation theory to its limits and obliterate the traditional separation of excitation and deexcitation. These factors are only now being explored, as are interference phenomena between the various channels.
In 1969 we feit that the subject of angular correlations in nuclear disintegrat ion had received little special attention at international conferences. It is true that perturbed angular correlations had been discussed at a smalI, highly - specialised meeting at Uppsala in 1963 and that in 1967 certain aspects of perturbed angular correlations had been considered at a conference on hyperfine structure at Asilomar. However, both conferences were very limited in scope from the point of view of a low - energy nuclear physicist. Besides, since these conferences were being held, the field of perturbed ?ngular correlations had received new impetus from the still ex panding application of the implantation of radioactive isotopes in suitable environ ments, from the construction of large superconductive magnets, etc. Meanwhile, the technique of measuring correlations between beta particles and circularly polarized gamma rays had been developed to such a degree that they lent themselves to the in vestigation of beta decay, nuclear structure and charge dependence of nuclear forces. The systematic study of heavy elements had increased the import an ce of alpha-gamma angular correlations which present their own specific problems. Theoretical internal conversion data had become available to such an extent that electron -gamma direct ional correlations became an important tool in the investigation of nuclear structure: in a large number of cases it is more advantageous to study electron -gamma corre lations instead of the commonly measured gamma -gamma directional correlations.
Designed as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry and physics, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy elucidates the basic principles and applications of spectroscopy. The physical and quantitative aspects of spectroscopic techniques are covered comprehensively in one book. Simple mathematical concepts are used to explain the important role that mathematics plays in the development of the subject. Elementary quantum mechanical principles are introduced to relate the characteristic chemical behaviour of atoms and molecules such as vector representation of momentum and vector coupling approximation to spectra.
Core textbook showcasing the broad scope and coherence of physical chemistry Principles of Physical Chemistry introduces undergraduate students to the concepts and methods of physical chemistry, which are fundamental to all of Chemistry. In their unique approach, the authors guide students along a logically consistent pathway from the principles of quantum mechanics and molecular structure to the properties of ensembles and supramolecular machines, with many examples from biology and nanoscience. By systematically proceeding from atoms to increasingly complex forms of matter, the book elucidates the connection between recognizable paradigms and modern chemistry research in a student-friendly manner. To promote intuition and understanding for beginning students, the text introduces concepts before proceeding to more rigorous treatments. Rigorous proofs and derivations are provided, as electronic supplements, for more advanced students. The book poses over 900 exercises and problems to help the student learn and master methods for physicochemical reasoning. Computational supplementary material, including Fortran simulations, MathCAD exercises, and Mathematica programs, are included on a companion website. Some topics discussed in the text are: Electronic structure and Variational Principle, including Pauli exclusion, spin-orbit interactions, and electron confinement in quantum dots. Chemical bonding and molecular structure, including electron tunneling, comparison of electron-in-a-box models and electron orbital methods, and the mechanics of chemical bonds. Absorption and emission of light, including transition dipoles for π-electron systems, coupled chromophores, excitons, and chiroptical activity. Statistical description of molecular ensembles, including microscopic interpretations of phase transitions, entropy, work, and heat. Chemical equilibria, including statistical description of equilibrium constants, electrochemistry, and the exposition of fundamental reaction types. Reaction kinetics and reaction dynamics, including nonlinear coupled reactions, femtochemistry, and solvent effects on reactions. Physicochemical properties of macromolecules and the principles of supramolecular assemblies, including polymer dynamics and chemical control of interfaces. The logic of supramolecular machines and their manipulation of photon, electron, and nuclear motion. With its highly coherent and systematic approach to the subject, Principles of Physical Chemistry is an ideal textbook and resource for students in undergraduate physical chemistry courses, especially those in programs of study related to chemistry, engineering, and molecular and chemical biology.
A comprehensive, unified treatment of present-day nuclear physics-the fresh edition of a classic text/reference. "A fine and thoroughly up-to-date textbook on nuclear physics . . . most welcome." -Physics Today (on the First Edition). What sets Introductory Nuclear Physics apart from other books on the subject is its presentation of nuclear physics as an integral part of modern physics. Placing the discipline within a broad historical and scientific context, it makes important connections to other fields such as elementary particle physics and astrophysics. Now fully revised and updated, this Second Edition explores the changing directions in nuclear physics, emphasizing new developments and current research-from superdeformation to quark-gluon plasma. Author Samuel S.M. Wong preserves those areas that established the First Edition as a standard text in university physics departments, focusing on what is exciting about the discipline and providing a concise, thorough, and accessible treatment of the fundamental aspects of nuclear properties. In this new edition, Professor Wong: * Includes a chapter on heavy-ion reactions-from high-spin states to quark-gluon plasma * Adds a new chapter on nuclear astrophysics * Relates observed nuclear properties to the underlying nuclear interaction and the symmetry principles governing subatomic particles * Regroups material and appendices to make the text easier to use * Lists Internet links to essential databases and research projects * Features end-of-chapter exercises using real-world data. Introductory Nuclear Physics, Second Edition is an ideal text for courses in nuclear physics at the senior undergraduate or first-year graduate level. It is also an important resource for scientists and engineers working with nuclei, for astrophysicists and particle physicists, and for anyone wishing to learn more about trends in the field.
Providing a modern update of the field, Mossbauer Spectroscopy focuses on applications across a broad range of fields, including analysis of inorganic elements, nanoparticles, metalloenzymyes, biomolecules (including proteins), glass, coal, and iron. Ideal for a broad range of scientists, this one-stop reference presents advances gained in the field over past two decades, including a detailed theoretical description of Mossbauer spectroscopy, an extensive treatment of Mossbauer spectroscopy in applied areas, and challenges and future opportunities for the further development of this technique.
Volume 18 of Reviews in Mineralogy provides a general introduction to the use of spectroscopic techniques in Earth Sciences. It gives an Introduction To Spectroscopic Methods and covers Symmetry, Group Theory And Quantum Mechanics; Spectrum-Fitting Methods; Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy; Inelastic Neutron Scattering; Vibrational Spectroscopy Of Hydrous Components; Optical Spectroscopy; Mossbauer Spectroscopy; MAS NMR Spectroscopy Of Minerals And Glasses; NMR Spectroscopy And Dynamic Processes In Mineralogy And Geochemistry; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Applications In Mineralogy ind Geochemistry; Electron Paramagnetic Resonance; Auger Electron And X-Ray Photelectron Spectroscopies and Luminescence, X-Ray Emission and New Spectroscopies. The authors of this volume presented a short course, entitled "Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology", May 13-15, 1988, in Hunt Valley, Maryland.
