Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology
Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology

Author: John D. Lambris

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-08-14

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1441956352

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Numerous studies have pointed to the key role of complement in the pathogenesis of retinal disease, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reports about new gene associations and links to other physiological pathways are emerging almost on a weekly base. Several promising clinical candidates covering a wide area of potential treatment applications are in the pipelines of both industrial and academic groups. This indicates an increasing interest in complement as a therapeutic target. In view of these exciting discoveries, scientists from around the world convened at the First Aegean Conferences Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology (June 10–17, 2007) in Crete, Greece, to discuss recent advances in this rapidly-evolving field. This volume represents a collection of topics on the functions of complement in eye diseases, pathophysiology, protein structures, and complement therapeutics discussed during the conference. Our sincere thanks to the contributing authors for the time and effort they have devoted to writing what I consider exceptionally informative chapters in a book that will have a significant impact on the complement field. We would also like to express my thanks to Rodanthi Lambris for her assistance in collating the chapters and preparing the documents for publication and I gratefully acknowledge the generous help provided by Dimitrios Lambris in managing the organization of this meeting. Finally, I also thank Andrea Macaluso of Springer Publishers for her supervision in this book’s production. John D. Lambris Anthony P.

Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology
Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology

Author: John D. Lambris

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2010-08-25

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 9781441956347

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Numerous studies have pointed to the key role of complement in the pathogenesis of retinal disease, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reports about new gene associations and links to other physiological pathways are emerging almost on a weekly base. Several promising clinical candidates covering a wide area of potential treatment applications are in the pipelines of both industrial and academic groups. This indicates an increasing interest in complement as a therapeutic target. In view of these exciting discoveries, scientists from around the world convened at the First Aegean Conferences Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology (June 10–17, 2007) in Crete, Greece, to discuss recent advances in this rapidly-evolving field. This volume represents a collection of topics on the functions of complement in eye diseases, pathophysiology, protein structures, and complement therapeutics discussed during the conference. Our sincere thanks to the contributing authors for the time and effort they have devoted to writing what I consider exceptionally informative chapters in a book that will have a significant impact on the complement field. We would also like to express my thanks to Rodanthi Lambris for her assistance in collating the chapters and preparing the documents for publication and I gratefully acknowledge the generous help provided by Dimitrios Lambris in managing the organization of this meeting. Finally, I also thank Andrea Macaluso of Springer Publishers for her supervision in this book’s production. John D. Lambris Anthony P.

Retinal Immunobiology and Retinopathy
Retinal Immunobiology and Retinopathy

Author: Andrew W. Taylor

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2021-10-20

Total Pages: 167

ISBN-13: 2889715159

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Topic Editor Andrew Taylor has a sponsored research agreement and is a consultant with Palatin Technologies Inc. in Cranbury, New Jersey. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.

Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders
Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders

Author: Robert D. Stratton

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-02-17

Total Pages: 639

ISBN-13: 1617796069

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders examines the role that oxidative and nitrosative stress plays in the complex physiology and pathophysiology of the retina and choroid. Both the basic science researcher and the clinical practitioner can use this book as a guide to the current understanding of retinal and choroidal cellular mechanisms involved in aging and disease. Beginning with a review of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathoetiology of AMD and a review of the complement system in the retina, the book then takes a detailed look at oxidative stress in lipid metabolism and oxidized lipoproteins in the retina. It examines the anti-apoptotic activity of α-crystallins in the presence of glutathione, oxidative stress in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the role of iron in retinal disease, the mechanisms of pathological VEGF expression, NAPDH oxidase mechanisms, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor in oxidative stress in the retina. A detailed look at the Ccl2-/-/Cx3cr1-/- mouse model of AMD follows. Then a detailed examination of the systemic changes in AMD is followed by a discussion of cerium oxide nanoparticle reduction of oxidative stress. Two chapters discuss progenitor cells in the cause and treatment of retinal diseases including AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases are exhaustively presented, followed by a chapter on serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists in oxidative stress of the retina. The current anti-VEGF treatment strategies of neovascular AMD are then given. The volume continues with a detailed look at nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in retinal vascular disease, an explanation of an in vivo technique of studying the effect of lipid hydroperoxides on circulating leucocytes in the retina, an excellent review of oxidative stress in retinopathy of prematurity, and a look at VEGF induced oxidative stress in the retinal ganglion cell. The book ends with a detail examination of the role of carotenoids in retinal health and disease. These 31 chapters summarize what is known about oxidative stress in retinal and choroidal disorders. All those involved with degenerative diseases of the eye will find Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders to be illuminating and comprehensive.

Systemic Inflammatory Disease and the Eye
Systemic Inflammatory Disease and the Eye

Author: W. J. Dinning

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2016-08-19

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1483193519

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Systemic Inflammatory Disease and the Eye present an overview of the systemic conditions associated with ocular inflammation. It discusses the factors for ocular connection in some conditions. It addresses the nature of ocular lesions and eye infections. Some of the topics covered in the book are the symptoms of inflammation of the eye; the aetiology of sarcoidosis; posterior segment inflammation; pathology and immunology of systemic vasculitis syndromes; aetiology of polyarteritis nodosa; diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus; and the different types of Sjogren’s syndrome. The pathology and immunopathology of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca are fully covered. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the rheumatoid factors and histopathology of joint lesions. The diagnosis of juvenile chronic polyarthritis is presented completely. A chapter is devoted to the epidemiology and clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. The book can provide useful information to ophthalmologists, doctors, chemists, students, and researchers.

Retinal Degenerative Diseases
Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Author: John D. Ash

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-03-24

Total Pages: 841

ISBN-13: 146143209X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book will contain the proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2012). A majority of those who will speak and present posters at the meeting will contribute to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium will focus on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the “best” and “most important” meetings in the field. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations will be described, there will be many new topics that either were in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2010. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those will be reported at the RD2010 meeting and included in the proposed volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations will be reflected in the volume.

Immunology, Inflammation and Diseases of the Eye
Immunology, Inflammation and Diseases of the Eye

Author: Darlene A. Dartt

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2011-02-26

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 012381975X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This selection of articles from the Encyclopedia of the Eye provides a comprehensive overview of immunological features, diseases and inflammation of the eye and its support structures and organs. Rather than taking an immunological focus that is strictly suitable for clinicians, the volume offers a considerable basic science background and addresses a broad range of topics - the immune system of the eye, its various disorders, mechanisms of inflammation of the eye and visual system, treatment, wound healing mechanisms, stem cells, and more. The first single volume to integrate comparative studies into a comprehensive resource on the neuroscience of ocular immunology Chapters are carefully selected from the Encyclopedia of the Eye by the world's leading vision researchers The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Macrophages, Cytokines and Complement as Therapeutic Targets in Retinal Degeneration
Macrophages, Cytokines and Complement as Therapeutic Targets in Retinal Degeneration

Author: Nilisha Elizabeth Fernando

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness amongst the Western population, with an annual cost of 350 billion dollars worldwide. This disease affects a specialised region in the central retina, the macula, where photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells begin to degenerate upon the onset of AMD. In the more prevalent atrophic or 'dry' form of AMD, gradual photoreceptor and RPE cell death leads to the formation of an expanding retinal lesion, which causes irreversible blindness over time. Although AMD pathogenesis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors, it is well understood that inflammation is highly implicated in disease progression. The recruitment of retinal microglia and macrophages, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and the deposition of complement system components are key features of atrophic AMD.This thesis identifies retinal microglia and macrophages as therapeutic targets for slowing the progression of retinal degenerations such as AMD. In these studies, a rodent model of photo-oxidative damage is used, which recapitulates features of atrophic AMD including oxidative stress, inflammation and photoreceptor cell loss. This thesis first provides a further understanding of the role of microglia and macrophages in contributing to chronic complement activation and photoreceptor death in the degenerating retina. It is shown that locally-derived complement component 3 (C3) is a major contributor to the progression of retinal degeneration, and that microglia and macrophages are the primary source of retinal C3, in both rodent retinal degeneration and human AMD. The recruitment of microglia and macrophages in retinal diseases is caused by increased chemokine signalling. It is demonstrated in this thesis that the use of a broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor (NR58-3.14.3) is able to ameliorate the accumulation of microglia and macrophages in the outer retina, protecting the photoreceptors from further damage. Finally, it is shown that interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine, is primarily produced by microglia and macrophages in retinal degeneration. Using therapeutic strategies to neutralise or inhibit IL-1ß signalling, it is found that there is a decrease in both macrophage recruitment and photoreceptor loss. Collectively, these three studies implicate a major role for retinal microglia and macrophages in contributing to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and complement synthesis. This thesis demonstrates the therapeutic value of targeting microglia and macrophages as a strategy for reducing inflammation and photoreceptor loss in retinal degenerations including AMD.