Energy labelling has had an impact on the product development of household appliances. Today's appliances are energy-efficient and users are satisfied with them, however, the test methods applied to energy labelling do not always correspond to the actual use of the appliances tested. Although the current energy-labelling scheme focuses on saving energy, the appliances must also work properly. Energy labelling helps households to get appliances that save energy.
The Handbook of Behavioral Industrial Organization integrates behavioral economics into industrial organization. Chapters cover concepts such as relative thinking, salience, shrouded attributes, cognitive dissonance, motivated reasoning, confirmation bias, overconfidence, status quo bias, social cooperation and identity. Additional chapters consider industry issues, such as sports and gambling industries, neuroeconomic studies of brands and advertising, and behavioral antitrust law. The Handbook features a wide array of methods (literature surveys, experimental and econometric research, and theoretical modelling), facilitating accessibility to a wide audience.
This book covers the state of the art of energy efficiency in household appliances and lighting which can be used now and in the near future to achieve significant and cost-effective energy savings. Recent developments in advanced appliance and lighting technologies by some of the largest manufacturers are also presented. Although energy-efficient household appliances and lighting technologies can save a huge amount of electricity, they still have not been widely adopted. The barriers which can hinder the adoption of those technologies are presented. Policies and programmes to promote the large-scale penetration of energy-efficient technologies and the market transformation are featured in the book, describing the experiences gained in different parts of the world. This extensive coverage includes contributions from relevant institutions in the European Union, North America, Latin America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
The Government is putting in place policies aimed at driving down energy bills for consumers, reducing input costs for industry, cutting carbon emissions and contributing to a more competitive economy. Electricity demand reduction (EDR) measures are a crucial part of delivering potential. Already developed policies include the flagship Green Deal and new domestic Energy Company Obligation. These, together with the deployment of smart meters, are expected to reduce electricity consumption by nearly 6.5TWh by 2030. In addition, the Green Investment Bank will support access to finance and, in time, audits required under the new EU energy efficiency directive will further reduce demand. However, the Department believes that above and beyond existing policies, it should be possible to reduce demand even further. If a 10% electricity demand reduction could be achieved, this could result in electricity system costs savings in the region of £4 billion in 2030. This consultation opens up a range of options to unlock the energy savings that are currently embedded in the system and seeks views on a number of market-wide financial incentives. Publishing simultaneously to the consultation are a consultation summary document (Cm. 8492, ISBN 9780101849227); Electricity market reform policy overview (Cm. 8498, ISBN 9780101849821); Energy security strategy (Cm 8466, ISBN 9780101846622); Annual energy statement 2012 (Cm. 8456, ISBN 9780101845625); and Statutory security of supply report (HC 688, session 2012-13 ISBN 9780102980691)
There is widespread interest throughout the world in improving appliance energy efficiency. Methods to reach that end include energy labeling, energy efficiency standards and market conditioning (e.g, energy efficient procurement and DSM programs). Energy efficiency standards, which started out as an action to reduce demand for energy in individual countries, has now become a subject of regional and even worldwide dimension, particularly in the context of global climate change mitigation. Mandatory energy efficiency standards are in place for some appliances in China, Canada, Mexico, the Philippines and the United States. Standards for refrigerator/freezers will take effect in Australia and the European Union in 1999. Voluntary energy efficiency standards are in place for refrigerators in Brazil, India and Korea and for air conditioners in India, Japan and Korea. Table I showed potential global energy use reductions from codes and standards in buildings. If individual country data can be assembled, a more accurate approach to estimating potential reductions in energy use and carbon emissions would be to perform a bottom-up analysis for energy using equipment on an end-use basis in as many large developing countries as possible. The impact of standards would be assessed as more efficient appliances replaced existing stock models and new purchases that increased saturation rates were made at higher efficiencies than would otherwise be the case. This approach would show the slow but steady buildup of annual energy savings from efficiency standards or other programs to improve energy efficiency.
Household appliances encompass a large variety of equipment including the cold appliances (refrigerators and freezers), the wet appliances (washing machines, dishwashers and dryers), the space conditioning appliances (heaters, air conditioners, heat pumps, fans, boilers), the water heaters, the cooking appliances, a wide array of consumer electronics (such as TVs, VCRs, HiFi systems) and miscellaneous small appliances (such as vacuum cleaners, irons, toasters, hairdryers and power tools). Household appliances save a large amount of domestic labour to perform the household tasks, as well as provide comfort conditions and convenience to the household occupants. The European Community SAVE Programme has promoted the efficient use of energy, in particular in domestic appliances. SAVE has sponsored a variety of studies to characterise the use of the main household appliances and lighting and to identify cost-effective technical options to improve the energy efficiency, as well as to identify the strategies to promote the penetration ofefficient equipment in the market place. National energy agencies, independent experts and appliance manufacturers have participated in the SAVE activities and have done a remarkable job. While the energy efficiency ofthe main household appliances has been improved, at the same time it was possible in most cases to improve the appliance performance, reliability and qualityofservice.
Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
This book contains peer-reviewed papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL'19), held in Jinan, China from 6-8 November 2019. Energy efficiency helps to mitigate CO2 emissions and at the same time increases the security of energy supply. Energy efficiency is recognized as the cleanest, quickest and cheapest energy source. Not only this, but energy efficiency brings several additional benefits for society and end-users, such as lower energy costs, reduced local pollution, better outdoor and indoor air quality, etc. However, in some sectors, such as the residential sector, barriers to investments in energy efficiency remain. Legislation adopted in several jurisdictions (EU, Japan, USA, China, India, Australia, Brazil, etc.) helps in removing barriers and fosters investments in energy efficiency. These initiatives complement innovative financing schemes for energy efficiency, the provision of energy services by energy service companies and different types of information programs. At the same time, progress in appliance technologies and in solid state lighting offer high levels of efficiency. LED lighting is an example. As with previous conferences in this series, EEDAL’19 provided a unique forum to discuss and debate the latest developments in energy and environmental impact of households, including appliances, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, electronics, smart meters, consumer behavior, and policies and programs. EEDAL addressed non-technical issues such as consumer behavior, energy access in developing countries, and demand response.
This book summarizes the latest research on advanced intelligent systems in the fields of energy and electrical engineering, presented at the second edition of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD’2019), held in Marrakech from 8 to 11 July 2019, Morocco. This book is intended for researchers, professionals and anyone interested in the development of advanced intelligent systems in the electrical engineering sector. The solutions featured focus on three main areas: motion control in complex electromechanical systems, including sensorless control; fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of electric drives; and new control algorithms for power electronics converters. In addition, the book includes a range of research using new technologies and advanced approaches. Offering a platform for researchers in the field of energy to share their work related to the problem of management and optimization of energy, which is a major current concern, the book mainly focuses on areas that go hand in hand with the Industrial Revolution 4.0, such as solar energy computing systems, smart grids, hydroelectric power computing systems, thermal and recycling computing systems, eco-design intelligent computing systems, renewable energy for IT equipment, modeling green technology, and renewable energy systems in smart cities. The authors of each chapter report the state of the art in the topics addressed and the results of their own research, laboratory experiments, and successful applications in order to share the concept of advanced intelligent systems and appropriate tools and techniques for modeling, storage management, as well as decision support in the field of electrical engineering. Further, the book discusses a number of future trends and the potential for linking control theory, power electronics, artificial neural networks, embedded controllers and signal processing.
