The genesis of hydrocarbons.
The genesis of hydrocarbons.

Author: Bogdan Góralski

Publisher: Bogdan Góralski

Published: 2020-03-08

Total Pages: 16

ISBN-13:

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Abstrakt Modern petroleum geology is built on the theory of the organic origin of hydrocarbons. It is claimed that they are formed as a result of dipping of organic carbon-rich sedimentary layers and their thermal transformation by which hydrocarbons are generated. Conventional looking at the formation of hydrocarbons is based on buried in a sedimentation pool dead biomass of organisms and their long-lasting microbial degradation in an anaerobic environment with the simultaneous influence of temperature and pressure. This process creates a transformed organic material of high molecular weight called kerogen. About 1% of the live mass of the organic may be stored in kerogen in favorable conditions. Regardless of the type of kerogen, increasing temperature and pressure leads to the dissociation temperature or the cracking and forms a crude oil or natural gas. The secondary cracking at a higher temperature and pressure may result in the smallest particles of hydrocarbons, methane (Sephton, Hazen 2013). This theory does not answer the question of why there are massive accumulations of hydrocarbons reaching hundreds of millions of tons when their hitherto regarded as the mother layers, source rocks, is so little spread in the geological profile?

Hydrocarbons in Basement Formations
Hydrocarbons in Basement Formations

Author: M. R. Islam

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-01-25

Total Pages: 577

ISBN-13: 1119294487

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Petroleum and natural gas still remain the single biggest resource for energy on earth. Even as alternative and renewable sources are developed, petroleum and natural gas continue to be, by far, the most used and, if engineered properly, the most cost-effective and efficient, source of energy on the planet. Contrary to some beliefs, the industry can, in fact, be sustainable, from an environmental, economic, and resource perspective. Petroleum and natural gas are, after all, natural sources of energy and do not have to be treated as pariahs. This groundbreaking new text describes hydrocarbons in basement formations, how they can be characterized and engineered, and how they can be engineered properly, to best achieve sustainability. Covering the basic theories and the underlying scientific concepts, the authors then go on to explain the best practices and new technologies and processes for utilizing basement formations for the petroleum and natural gas industries. Covering all of the hottest issues in the industry, from oil shale, tar sands, and hydraulic fracturing, this book is a must-have for any engineer working in the industry. This textbook is an excellent resource for petroleum engineering students, reservoir engineers, supervisors & managers, researchers and environmental engineers for planning every aspect of rig operations in the most sustainable, environmentally responsible manner, using the most up-to-date technological advancements in equipment and processes.

Frontiers of Fundamental Physics
Frontiers of Fundamental Physics

Author: M. Barone

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 588

ISBN-13: 1461525608

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The Olympia conference Frontiers of Fundamental Physics was a gathering of about hundred scientists who carryon their research in conceptually important areas of physical science (they do "fundamental physics"). Most of them were physicists, but also historians and philosophers of science were well represented. An important fraction of the participants could be considered "heretical" because they disagreed with the validity of one or several fundamental assumptions of modern physics. Common to all participants was an excellent scientific level coupled with a remarkable intellectual honesty: we are proud to present to the readers this certainly unique book. Alternative ways of considering fundamental matters should of course be vitally important for the progress of science, unless one wanted to admit that physics at the end of the XXth century has already obtained the final truth, a very unlikely possibility even if one accepted the doubtful idea of the existence of a "final" truth. The merits of the Olympia conference should therefore not be judged a priori in a positive or in a negative way depending on one's refusal or acceptance, respectively, but considered after reading the actual of basic principles of contemporary science, new proposals and evidences there presented. They seem very important to us.

Rock fractures in geological processes
Rock fractures in geological processes

Author: Philipp, Sonja L.

Publisher: Universitätsverlag Göttingen

Published: 2013-08-20

Total Pages: 73

ISBN-13: 3863951417

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Rock fractures play a major role in many geological processes, such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and fluid transport in the earth’s crust. The present volume contains the abstracts of all presentations of the symposium „Rock Fractures in Geological Processes“, held on 26-27 November 2013 in London honouring the 60th birthday of Agust Gudmundsson, chair in Structural Geology, Royal Holloway University of London, a leading expert in the field and author of a well known text book of the same title. The symposium covered all topics related to fractures in the earth’s crust, e.g., crustal stresses, rock mechanical properties, field analysis of fractures – from joints and faults to mineral veins and dykes -, analytical, analogue and numerical models of fractures and related fluid transport, as well as the activity of faults and volcanoes including calderas, and economic aspects such as exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons and geothermal energy.

Oil and Gas Exploration
Oil and Gas Exploration

Author: Said Gaci

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-02-13

Total Pages: 303

ISBN-13: 1119227496

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Oil and Gas Exploration: Methods and Application presents a summary of new results related to oil and gas prospecting that are useful for theoreticians and practical professionals. The study of oil and gas complexes and intrusions occurring in sedimentary basins is crucial for identifying the location of oil and gas fields and for making accurate predictions on oil findings. Volume highlights include: Advanced geophysical techniques for achieving hydrocarbon exploration efficiency from beneath the Earth Discussion of theoretical and practical approaches in solving problems related to exploring and mining new oil and gas deposits New geological concepts for predicting potential hydrocarbon targets Novel methods of control of the outworking of these deposits using different geophysical methods, significant for optimization of mining hydrocarbon and carbonate deposits Estimation of the degree of outworking of oil and gas deposits, to facilitate the use of space-time monitoring of different kinds of fields Analysis of exploration data by an efficient processing system, based on strong methods proven mathematically Oil and Gas Exploration is a valuable resource for exploration geophysicists, petroleum engineers, geoengineers, petrologists, mining engineers, and economic geologists, who will gain insights into exploring new methods involved in finding natural resources from our Earth. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/where-and-how-can-we-find-new-sources-of-oil-and-gas

Reservoir Development
Reservoir Development

Author: M. Rafiqul Islam

Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing

Published: 2021-12-04

Total Pages: 928

ISBN-13: 0128204168

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Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development delivers research materials and emerging technologies that conform sustainability in today's reservoirs. Starting with a status of technologies available, the reference describes sustainability as it applies to fracturing fluids, particularly within unconventional reservoirs. Basement reservoirs are discussed along with non-energy applications of fluids. Sustainability considerations for reserve predication are covered followed by risk analysis and scaling guidelines for further field development. Rounding out with conclusions and remaining challenges, Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development gives today and future petroleum engineers a focused and balanced path to strengthen sustainability practices. - Gain insight to more environmentally-friendly protocols for both unconventional and basement reservoirs, including non-energy applications of reservoir fluids - Determine more accurate reserves and keep budgets in line while focusing on emission reduction - Learn from a well-known author with extensive experience in both academia and industry

Subsurface Sand Remobilization and Injection
Subsurface Sand Remobilization and Injection

Author: A. Hurst

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2021-08-02

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 1786204568

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Sand injectites form during shallow-crustal deformation. Short periods of elevated pore-fluid pressure, which developed regionally, triggered formation of hydrofracture networks into which sand was sometimes injected. Sand injection complexes preserve a record of this process and sandstone intrusions are significant reservoirs in many petroleum systems. Most known subsurface sand injection complexes are from offshore NW Europe and associated with Paleogene strata. Outcrop occurrence is global. Sand injection into unconventional host rocks, including granitoid and metamorphic basement and coal seams, raises awareness of the breadth of geological environments in which sand injection may occur. Discordance between sandstone intrusions and sedimentary hosts occurs on a scale from millimetres to kilometres and is a fundamental diagnostic of intrusions. Microscale textural characterization provides new opportunities to establish possible additional criteria for differentiating intrusions from depositional sandstone. The significance of sand injection complexes in shallow crustal evolution is exemplified by the wide range of lithological hosts and diverse tectonostratigraphic settings documented in this volume. Potential for original research still remains.

Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

Author: Vladimir Kutcherov

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2013-01-16

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 9535109278

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Hydrocarbons provide our core energy resource. Information on their origin, properties and phase behavior is interesting from the point of view of physical chemistry. At the same time this information is of great value to the oil and gas industry. The book "Hydrocarbon" is comprised of 9 chapters, covering different topics: from origin of hydrocarbons to the method for hydrocarbon exploration. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and their influence to environment are also discussed. This book should serve as a support to researchers and students as well as experts, both in academia and industry.