Examples are the nature of Earth's oldest rocks, the origin of continents, extraterrestrial impact and mass extinctions of organisms, rates of organic evolution, and recent developments on the origin of humans.
The study of the Earth’s origin, its composition, the processes that changed and shaped it over time and the fossils preserved in rocks, have occupied enquiring minds from ancient times. The contributions in this volume trace the history of ideas and the research of scholars in a wide range of geological disciplines that have paved the way to our present-day understanding and knowledge of the physical nature of our planet and the diversity of life that inhabited it. To mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Commission on the History of Geology (INHIGEO), the book features contributions that give insights into its establishment and progress. In other sections authors reflect on the value of studying the history of the geosciences and provide accounts of early investigations in fields as diverse as tectonics, volcanology, geomorphology, vertebrate palaeontology and petroleum geology. Other papers discuss the establishment of geological surveys, the contribution of women to geology and biographical sketches of noted scholars in various fields of geoscience.
* A descriptive and analytical guide to the development of Western science from AD 1500, and to the diversity and course of that development first in Europe and later across the world * Presented in clear, non-technical language * Extensive indexes of Subjects and Names `Indeed a companion volume whose 67 essays give pleasure and instruction ... an ambitious and successful work.' - Times Literary Supplement `This work is an essential resource for libraries everywhere. For specialist science libraries willing to keep just one encyclopaedic guide to history, for undergraduate libraries seeking to provide easily accessible information, for the devisers of university curricula, for the modern social historian or even the eclectic scientist taking a break from simply making history, this is the book for you.' - Times Higher Education Supplement `A pleasure to read with a carefully chosen typeface, well organized pages and ample margins ... it is very easy to find one's way around. This is a book which will be consulted widely.' - Technovation `This is a commendably easy book to use.' - British Journal of the History of Science `Scholars from other areas entering this field, students taking the vertical approach and teachers coming from any direction cannot fail to find this an invaluable text.' - History of Science Journal
This book covers topics essential to historical geology. The manual presents fundamental concepts of historical geology by providing realistic situations to which geologic concepts and data apply. This application of principles to concrete situations and practical problems instills a strong sense of the purpose of geologic study. KEY TOPICS: This book allows readers to visualize how geologic data are collected, tabulated, synthesized, interpreted, and applied to real-world geologic problems. Covering important concepts of ordering geological events and physical stratigraphy, the book also provides sections on plate tectonics and paleontology as well as extensive geologic maps with explanations. The fifth edition of Historical Geology, Interpretations and Applications has been revised to include new problems and a relocation of some problems closer to their explanatory material. It also includes four new geologic maps that cover geologic features in greater detail. A valuable reference book for any reader interested in historical geology.
In the early twentieth century, American earth scientists were united in their opposition to the new--and highly radical--notion of continental drift, even going so far as to label the theory "unscientific." Some fifty years later, however, continental drift was heralded as a major scientific breakthrough and today it is accepted as scientific fact. Why did American geologists reject so adamantly an idea that is now considered a cornerstone of the discipline? And why were their European colleagues receptive to it so much earlier? This book, based on extensive archival research on three continents, provides important new answers while giving the first detailed account of the American geological community in the first half of the century. Challenging previous historical work on this episode, Naomi Oreskes shows that continental drift was not rejected for the lack of a causal mechanism, but because it seemed to conflict with the basic standards of practice in American geology. This account provides a compelling look at how scientific ideas are made and unmade.
This best-selling historical geology text provides geologists with an excellent balance of basic geology and paleontology. The ninth edition presents rich, authoritative coverage of the history of the Earth, offering the most comprehensive history in the discipline today. It maintains its strong approach to stratigraphy and paleontology that other texts have lost. The text's paleogeographic maps are excellent in detail and are a vital component in understanding the earth's history. Stunning artwork brings the ancient world to life. Geology of National Parks boxes encourage them to visit these parks to appreciate their geological significance. Geologists will also appreciate the questions about past geologic events and the processes used in finding answers.