The South Carolina 10th Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Marion, near Georgetown, South Carolina, in July, 1861. Its members were raised in the counties of Georgetown, Horry, Williamsburg, Marion, and Charleston. The regiment moved to Cat Island where many of the men suffered from typhoid fever, measles, and mumps. In March, 1862, it was sent to Mississippi, then in the Kentucky Campaign it was involved in the capture of Munfordsville. During the war it was assigned to General Manigault's and Sharp's Brigade and from September, 1863 to April, 1864, was consolidated with the 19th Regiment. The unit served with the Army of Tennessee from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, endured Hood's winter campaign in Tennessee, and saw action in North Carolina. It lost 16 killed, 91 wounded, and 2 missing at Murfreesboro, and the 10th/19th had 236 killed or wounded at Chickamauga and totaled 436 men and 293 arms in December, 1863. During the Atlanta Campaign, July 20-28, the 10th Regiment lost 19 of 24 officers engaged.
The 51st Regiment, Tennessee Infantry was organized at Henderson Station, Tennessee, in January, 1862. The 52nd was also organized at the same time with men from Tipton, Fayette, Shelby, Madison, and Jackson counties. A detachment of the 52nd was captured at Fort Donelson, then in October it was active in the fight at Perryville. Later the unit was assigned to D.S. Donelson's, M.J. Wright's, Vaughan's, and Palmer's Brigade. During April, 1862, it was consolidated with the 52nd Regiment and called the 51st Consolidated. However, the consolidation was declared illegal and during April, 1863, it was reorganized as the 51st and 52nd Consolidated Regiment and each unit kept separate records. It participated in many battles of the Army of Tennessee from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, returned to Tennessee with Hood, and was involved in the North Carolina Campaign.
The North Carolina 10th Artillery Battalion [also called 2nd Battalion Heavy Artillery] was organized during the spring of 1862 at Wilmington, North Carolina, with three companies, later increased to four. The unit served at Fort Caswell and Wilmington, then in December, 1864, was active in the defense of Savannah. Later it saw action in the North Carolina Campaign as infantry and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee. Major Wilton L. Young was in command. Companies Of The NC 10th Artillery Battalion Company A - ""Lewis' Battery"" - from Davidson County Company B - ""Black River Tigers"" - from Harnett County Company C - ""Monroe Heavy Artillery"" - organized and mustered in at Salisbury, Rowan County Company D - ""Wheeler Battery"" - mustered in at Wilmington, New Hanover County
The Louisiana 12th Infantry Regiment completed its organization at Camp Moore, Louisiana, in August, 1861. Its companies were from the parishes of Caldwell, Claiborne, Vermilion, Cameron, Calcasieu, Jackson, Ouachita, Bossier, and Iberia. Sent to Missouri, the unit was captured at Island No. 10 in April, 1862. After being exchanged, it was assigned to Rust's, Buford's, T.M. Scott's, and Lowry's Brigade. It fought at Champion's Hill and Jackson before participating in the campaigns of the Army of Tennessee from Resaca to Bentonville. In July, 1862, the unit contained 41 officers and 546 men, reported 11 killed, 57 wounded, and 5 missing out of the 318 engaged at Peach Tree Creek, lost many during Hood's Tennessee Campaign, and surrendered with only a remnant on April 26, 1865. Its commanders were Colonel Thomas M. Scott; Lieutenant Colonels James A. Boyd, Wade H. Hough, Noel L. Nelson, and Thomas C. Standifer; and Majors John C. Knott and Henry V. McCain.
The Tennessee 18th Cavalry Regiment was also called the 19th Regiment. It was organized in May, 1864, by consolidating six companies of Newsom's Tennessee Cavalry Regiment and four companies of Forrest's Alabama Cavalry Regiment, The unit was assigned to T.H. Bell's Brigade in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. Its members were recruited in Hardeman, Madison, Henderson, and McNairy counties.
The 27th Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Fort Heiman, Tennessee, on 28 January 1862, a number of companies having flocked to that point in the winter of 1861. Initially, many soldiers carried double-barreled shotguns and long Bowie knives, according to J.P. Cannon, Inside of Rebeldom. Two Companies of "detachments, absentees, convalescents and recruits" of the 27th joined the Mississippi Second Bttn. "beyond Farmington on the Pittsburg Road" after the Second Battallion's engagement at Shiloh. This unit was then designated as the 33rd Mississippi Infantry Regiment, then the 38th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and finally the 45th Mississippi Infantry Regiment. After the parole of the 27th Alabama Infantry from Camp Douglas, Illinois Prison Camp, the original members of the 27th rejoined their unit. Ordered to Fort Henry, the regiment shared in the defense of that place, but it retired before the surrender, forming part of the garrison of Fort Donelson. It took part in the conflict there and was there surrendered, 16 February 1862. Following exchange the 27th continued throughout the war with the Army of Tennessee participating in the Atlanta Campaign, Franklin and Nashville, and the Carolinas Campaign. The 27th formed part of the last Confederate wave at Franklin and Nashville. There were only a few who were present to move into the Carolinas, and the regiment was ultimately consolidated with the 35th, 49th, and 57th Alabama regiments. The remainder surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina, 9 April 1865. Companies Of The Alabama 27th Infantry Regiment Company A - Franklin - J.B. Moore; till re-organized. Robert Watson; superceded. H. Rodgers; wounded at Kinston. Company B - Franklin - R.G. Wright; captured at Fort Donelson; promoted. F. LeB. Goodwin. Company C - Lauderdale - Empson B. Dudley; captured at Fort Donelson; wounded in Georgia. Company D - Lawrence - H.B. Irwin of Lawrence; captured at Fort Donelson; wounded at Kinston. Company E - Lauderdale - T.A. Jones; till re-organized. Rob't Andrews. Company F - Madison - .... Roberts; till re-organized. John Corn. Company G - Franklin - Tho's B. M'Cullough; transferred. W.A. Isbell; killed at Baker's Creek. S.S. Anderson; wounded at Franklin. Company H - Morgan - ..... Humphrey; till re-organized. John B. Stewart. Company I - Lawrence - Henry A. McGhee; resigned. Thomas McGhee. Company K - Lauderdale - Hugh L. Ray; captured at Fort Donelson. *Capt. Wm. Word, commanding one of the companies in this regiment attached to the Thirty-third Mississippi, was killed at Perryville.
The Georgia 4th Cavalry Regiment (AveryÕs) was formed with eleven companies in January, 1863, using Avery's 23rd Georgia Cavalry Battalion as its nucleus. It served for a time with the Conscript Department in Tennessee, then was assigned to J.J. Morrison's, C.C. Crews', and Iverson's Brigade. The regiment participated in the Chickamauga, Knoxville, and Atlanta Campaigns, skirmished in Northern Georgia and East Tennessee, and took part in the defense of Savannah. In January, 1865, the unit was reorganized and called the 12th Cavalry. It went on to fight in the Carolinas and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee. Research of this unit is complicated by the fact that there was another 4th Cavalry (ClinchÕs). No roster of the 23rd Cavalry Battalion or the 4th Cavalry (AveryÕs) has been found. The records are all filed in the state archive microfilm as the GA 12th Cavalry Regiment.
The 38th Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Mobile in May 1862, and it remained at the defenses in the vicinity of that city until February 1863. It then proceeded to Tullahoma and was there placed in the brigade of General Henry D. Clayton of Barbour, with the 18th, 36th, and 58th Alabama regiments. The regiment was first under fire with slight loss at Hoover's Gap, and lost heavily in killed and wounded at Chickamauga (37% casualties out of 490 engaged). At Missionary Ridge, the 38th was again engaged at close quarters, and a large number were captured. The 38th continued through the Atlanta campaign. From Marietta to the close, General James T. Holtzclaw of Montgomery commanded the brigade. It fought around the latter city, and at Jonesboro. During the Tennessee campaign of General John Bell Hood, the regiment participated at Nashville in December 1864, and it was in the rear guard of the retreat. Placed in the defenses at Mobile, the regiment went through the ordeal at Spanish Fort where it again suffered severely. With the army, it was surrendered at Meridian, Mississippi, about 80 strong. Companies Of The AL 38th Infantry Regiment Co. "A" (Clarke County): William Jefferson Hearin (promoted); Daniel Lee Co. "B" (Wilcox County): William R. Welsh (KIA, Chickamauga); George W. Welch Co. "C," Dixie Rifles (Washington County): James L. Lenoir (resigned, 13 Aug 186?); A. G. Moore (resigned, 12 Dec 1863); B. F. Crowell (resigned, 25 Oct 1864); Lt. E. A. Holt Co. "D" [also called Co. "G"] (Clarke County): G. W. Files (resigned, 29 Oct 1862); John J. R. Jenkins (resigned); Benjamin Anderson (wounded, Missionary Ridge) Co. "E" (Conecuh County): E. W. Martin (retired, 20 July 1864); Lt. Samuel W. Landrum Co. "F" (Fayette County): John J. Winston (promoted, Adjutant, 18th AL Regt); Albert Embree (died in service, 19 March 1864); W. H. Wright (wounded, Missionary Ridge, and captured) Co. "G" (Mobile County): John B. Perkins (KIA, Chickamauga); George H. Cleveland (resigned, 5 April 1864) Co. "H" (Wilcox County): John A. Jackson (captured, Missionary Ridge; died as POW, 25 Dec 1863); Robert J. Young Co. "I" (Clarke County): Augustus R. Lankford (promoted); Charles E. Bussey (wounded, Chickamauga) Co. "K" (Mobile County): Ben Lane Posey (captured, Missionary Ridge; wounded, Kennesaw; dropped from roll, 17 Feb 1865)
The companies which made up the 28th Alabama Regiment were formed during the first three months of 1862 at Shelby Springs, Alabama on March 29th. Shelby Springs is located about half way between Calera and Columbiana in Shelby County. Originally, it was a vacation spot for the wealthy planters and plantation owners to enjoy the warm springs. In 1862, Camp Winn was established at Shelby Springs and the 28th Infantry Regiment received their training here. They were first assigned to Jackson's Brigade, but a few days later the regiment was made part of the newly formed Trapier's Brigade, Wither's Division. The new Brigade was made up of the 28th Alabama, 44th Mississippi (Blythe's Regiment), 10th and 19th South Carolina and Water's Alabama Battery. Later the 44th Mississippi was replaced by the 34th Alabama Regiment and the 24th Alabama joined the brigade at Tullahoma, Tennessee during November 1862. Arthur Manigault of South Carolina assumed command of the brigade. The 28th continued throughout the war with the Army of Tennessee. The 28th Alabama was a part of the first troops to reach Spring Hill, TN on November 29th, 1864. On November 30th, with only part of the army available, General Hood ordered them into battle. Some 18,000 men moved forward over a mile and a half of bluegrass fields. 6,000 men were either killed, wounded or captured at the Battle of Franklin. During these two final engagements of 1864 the 28th Alabama lost severely in men killed, wounded and captured. Early in 1865 one last effort was made by the south, General Johnston was brought back from retirement to once again command the army. His plan was to stop Union General Sherman's invasion of the Carolinas. At this time the 28th Alabama was in route across Alabama and Georgia to North Carolina to join General Johnston. Before ever reaching Johnston, his efforts were defeated at Bentonville, North Carolina. On March 10th, the day after General Lee's surrender to General Grant at Appomattox, the 28th Alabama was consolidated with the 24th and 34th Alabama Regiments retaining the numbers and colors of the 24th. On March 31st, the 28th Alabama rejoined its brigade at Smithfield. Unaware of Lee's surrender, the regiment marched toward Greensboro, North Carolina. As they advanced it became clear that the end had come. They finally surrendered at Greensboro on April 26th, 1865. Companies Of The Alabama 28th Infantry Regiment Co. "A," Perry County: W. Lavelle Butler (promoted); James H. Graham (wounded, Chickamauga); John F. Wilson (wounded, Franklin) Co. "B," Blount and Marshall Counties: John H. Turpin (wounded, Murfreesboro, and captured); E. R. Kiker (captured, Missionary Ridge) Co "C," Blount County: Maxmillan Tidmore (resigned); John Couch. Co "D," Jefferson County: William H. Nabors. Co "E," Walker County: H. A. M. Henderson (resigned); Hugh G. Loller (KIA, Resaca) Co "F," Walker County: Franklin A. Gamble (resigned); L. E. Gilbert. Co. "G," Jefferson County: Miller (resigned); John C. Morrow (resigned); G. W. Hewitt (wounded, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga) Co. "H," Jefferson County: J. F. Tarrant (resigned); W. M. Hawkins (KIA, Murfreesboro); William R. McAdory (KIA, Missionary Ridge); William. A. McLeod (KIA, Atlanta) Co. "I," Dallas County: F. M. Hopkins (captured, Missionary Ridge); Lt. P. G. Wood Co. "K," Perry County: Charles R. Harris (resigned); Homer M. Ford. Co. "L," Walker County: F. A. Musgrove (wounded, Murfreesboro)
