Histamine Research in the New Millennium
Histamine Research in the New Millennium

Author: Takehiko Watanabe

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 550

ISBN-13:

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These proceedings cover the most recent advances on histamine research from basic science to clinical medicine. Histamine is an endogenous compound that is synthesized, stored, and released primarily by mast cells and after release exerts profound effects on many tissues and organs. It is one of the cellular mediators of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction and the acute inflammatory responses, as well as primary stimulant of gastric acid secretion. A central neurotransmitter role for histamine has been also established. Histamine research has been very dynamic since it discovery in 1910. Among recent important advances are: Generation of Histamine H1, H2, H3 receptors and histidine decraboxylase (HDC) knockout mice; Clarification of the constitutive activity of the H1, H2 and H3 receptors; Characterisation of H3 receptor isoforms with distinct signaling properties; and Characterisation and cloning of the H4 receptor.

Histamine in the brain
Histamine in the brain

Author: Jian-Sheng Lin

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-03-18

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 2889194345

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Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.

Itch
Itch

Author: E. Carstens

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2014-02-25

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 1466505435

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Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.

History of Allergy
History of Allergy

Author: K.-C. Bergmann

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2014-05-27

Total Pages: 445

ISBN-13: 3318021954

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The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically over recent decades, both in terms of the number of sufferers and the number of allergies. This is a trend that has frequently been referred to as 'the epidemic of the 21st century'. As described in ancient texts, allergies have been known for over 2,000 years, but the term 'allergy' was only coined at the beginning of the 20th century when doctors began to understand their pathophysiological basis. This book presents a detailed and varied historical overview of the field of allergology. Beginning with insights on allergy from antiquity to the 20th century and the development of the associated terminology, it compiles historical reflections on the understanding of the most common allergic diseases. Important milestones in the discovery of mechanisms of allergy are described, followed by historical accounts of the detection of allergens such as pollen, dust mites, peanuts and latex, and of environmental influences such as pollution and the relationship between farmers and their environment. Several chapters illustrate the progress made in allergy management to date. Particular highlights of this book are the personal reflections of and interviews with a number of pioneers of allergy, including F. Austen, J. Bienenstock, K. Blaser, A. de Weck, A.W. Frankland, K. Ishizaka, and many more. Concluding with portrayals of allergy societies and collections, as well as being supplemented by two films, this book represents a veritable treasure trove of fascinating and richly illustrated information. Not only researchers, physicians and medical historians, but also students and even non-scientists will find History of Allergy a scientific adventure well worth reading.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the New Millennium
Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the New Millennium

Author: S.K. Gupta

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2001-09-30

Total Pages: 772

ISBN-13: 9780792370598

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During the past several years tremendous advancements have been made in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics. While new therapeutic strategies are coming up, old ones are being improved by modifications, or being replaced with newer ones. The major topics covered in this book include: endothelins, current topics in cardiovascular research, molecular pharmacology, recent developments in cancer research, antioxidants, oxidants and human disease, herbal drugs, developments in neuropharmacology, myelin biology and demyelinating disease, pharmacovigilance, role of cytokines in health and disease, ocular pharmacology, detoxification of xenobiotics-biotransformation and transport, and several other topics of current interest. The aim of this book is to fulfill the needs of the basic and clinical researchers as well as the students, particularly related to areas of current interest in pharmacology and therapeutics.

The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium
The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium

Author: Brunello Wüthrich

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 1999-01-01

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 3805566557

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This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium 'The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium' held in Zurich in October 1998. It focuses on IgE-mediated allergy, beginning from the first manifestation of atopy, atopic eczema in infancy, and leading to its manifestations in children, adolescents and adults, to hay fever, asthma and food allergy. The topics covered give an update and comprehensive review of the different atopic manifestations concerning clinic, diagnosis, pathomechanisms, treatment and prevention. Summarizing the current knowledge on the field of atopy this publication is essential reading for dermatologists, allergologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and pediatricians.

Mast Cells in Allergic Diseases
Mast Cells in Allergic Diseases

Author: Hirohisa Saito

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2005-01-01

Total Pages: 233

ISBN-13: 3805579489

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In this book, the editors have focused on the roles of mast cells in allergic diseases and discuss the future direction of discovering drugs. Another implication of this book is to understand mast cells at the system level. System biology is a research category to understand biology at the system level by examining the structure and dynamics of cellular and organismal functions, rather than the characteristics of isolated parts of a cell or organism.

Psychiatry in the New Millennium
Psychiatry in the New Millennium

Author: Sidney H. Weissman

Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9780880489386

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In an era where scientific advances frequently make even the most recent scientific or medical journal articles dated soon after their publication, it is more crucial than ever for practitioners to be able to effectively evaluate new information. Using the millennium as a benchmark for surveying progress in the field, this indispensable volume captures the current state of the discipline and considers its future evolution. Key chapters by some of the field's most respected practitioners consider the impact of changing conceptual, organizational, and philosophical issues, as well as of neuroscience research findings, on the shape of the discipline. The current and future relevance of psychoanalysis; the role of social psychiatry as translator and bridge between the worlds of treatment, practice, and public policy; and the need for a new multiaxial diagnostic system that addresses motive and meaning as well as the biological and genetic contributions to behavior are just a few of the issues explored. Other chapters consider the role of genetics and molecular biology in research on mental illness; the potential uses of functional brain imaging in clinical practice; a clinical model for selecting psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy; and the challenge of developing research methods for assessing treatment effectiveness. Also examined are issues such as practice guidelines, managed care and the financing of mental health treatment, and the ethical conduct of the psychiatrist. The book's final chapters survey the psychiatric workforce of today and tomorrow, including its composition and education, and, finally, offer predictions about psychiatry in the next century. In Psychiatry in the New Millennium, psychiatrists and residents alike will find information vital to their understanding of both this century's psychiatric foundations and the next century's new discoveries.

Receptor Chemistry Towards the Third Millennium
Receptor Chemistry Towards the Third Millennium

Author: M. Gianella

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2000-05-31

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 0080540406

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Receptor Chemistry Towards the Third Millennium is the result of papers presented at the 12th Camerino-Noordwijkerhout Symposium, held in Camerino, Italy in September 1999. Although much is known about the way ligands interact with receptors, which have now been isolated, characterized and cloned, many aspects still remain to be explored. In particular, differentiation into distinct subpopulations and the multiplicity of transduction processes offer more specific targets in the search for new drugs. This book will be of interest to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists and neurologists and will also be a valuable source of reference for medical students and postgraduate students in related fields.

Aloe Vera: The New Millennium
Aloe Vera: The New Millennium

Author: Bill C. Coats

Publisher: iUniverse

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 0595279457

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The First Complete Book on Aloe Vera in this Young Century. Aloe Vera The New Millennium Every once in a while, a book comes along that redefines the genre. This special 2003 edition of Aloe Vera/The New Millennium is such a work. In it you will find a wellness wellsource of new breakthroughs in Aloe Vera research and technology from the last thirty years. • Aloe Vera’s pivotal role in the new global wellness movement. • “Aloe All Stars.” Aloe Vera in the new world of Athletics. • Aloe Vera’s role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. • AIDS, Cancer and the Aloe Answer. How Aloe Vera has broken through to these persistent dragons of world health. • New Paradigms in Personal Care. What bold new inroads Aloe Vera has made in cosmetology, skin care, aesthetics and plastic surgery. • Millennium Veterinary Breakthroughs. How many modern vets are using Aloe Vera to help our creature companions, both large and small. • Personal perspectives by the man who is acknowledged worldwide as the “father of modern Aloe Vera.” If you could only have five complete wellness guidebooks for the next dozen years, this should be one of them.