This booklet is based on the Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019, which includes estimates at the global, regional and country level of contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning and SDG indicator 3.7.1 "Proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied by modern methods".
Any analysis of health policy as a complext matter since health policy is influenced by a range of actors from health professionals, state officials and bureaucrats to related industrial interests and public opinion. Health policy in Britain is constantly developing and changing as a result of shifting political and economic tides. This collection of essays seeks to explore and analyze both aspects (macro and micro). The first section looks at the way the process of health reform at the political level is managed. It examines various aspects of the formation and implementation of health policy within the UK and the political processes shaping it. The second section looks more specifically at particular issues, such as public health, and examines how broader political pressures shape the delivery of health care.
It is universally agreed that HIV/AIDS constitutes one of the most serious threats to human life in our era. The immigration of Zimbabwean people into America plays a major role in the socialization of Zimbabwean adolescents. Zimbabwean adolescents are exposed to the Western culture of sexual socialization, which is different from the African culture. The social bonds and traditions that used to shape Zimbabwean young people's behavior and help them make the transition to adulthood have weakened in the face of migrating to Western countries. The main problem is the transition and loss of cultural identity that affect Zimbabwean adolescents' knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and sexual behavior.
Dowsett (2003) notes that by far, the vast majority of non-biomedical research on HIV/AIDS has been behavioural research, usually by survey methods, counting people's sex acts, partners, preferences, places, times and reasons for sex, and assessing levels of risk for HIV infection, revealing the dominance of seeing sex largely as behaviours.
This volume is the result of academic cooperation between scholars in Norway, Sudan, Zambia, and South Africa linked to a master’s program in international education and development. It draws upon studies carried out in Sudan, Zambia, Namibia, and South Africa. Most of the chapters deal with the HIV/AIDS pandemic in various ways. Because youth are the group most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, the various chapters discuss the complex discursive spaces that youth inhabit and navigate, and where the interlocking concepts of social identity, power, inequality, sexuality, vulnerability, and resilience are brought together. Many of the chapters discuss the HIV/AIDS pandemic in relation to indigenous knowledges and argue for including indigenous knowledges in the fight against the pandemic. The suggestion to include indigenous knowledges opens space for a more varied, holistic, and comprehensive approach to the pandemic. The book invites readers to explore the oppressive and often dangerous socioeconomic situation that many youth in sub-Saharan Africa experience, also beyond the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Chapters on street youth in Namibia and youth in a township in Cape Town discuss the often creative coping mechanisms employed by youth to escape or mitigate the oppressive situations they find themselves in.
This survey report on AIDS awareness and sociosexual lifestyles of young people (16-24 years) was conducted in autumn and winter of 1989 and the psychoactive drug use and sexual activity surveys were conducted in April 1990. The geographic area was southwest England and the sampling was by quota within sampling points (electoral wards or gazetteers). The purpose of the study was to derive implications for AIDS risk reduction strategies from sociosexual lifestyles and AIDS/STD awareness/information seeking behavior. Background variables included age, sex, employment and social and marital status. Independent variables were general attitudes toward life, leisure behaviors, attitudes to drug and alcohol use, sexual philosophy, knowledge of/attitudes to HIV/AIDS, to other STDs, and AIDS information seeking behavior/attitudes. Dependent variables were drug use and sexual behavior. 8 chapters comprise this report. Chapter 1 is the rationale, objectives, conceptual framework, survey design, and data collection. Chapter 2 provides a profile of the sample in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, personal priorities, leisure activities, and use of psychoactive drugs. Chapter 3 describes AIDS/STD awareness and information seeking behavior. Chapter 4 captures the pattern of sexual lifestyles (sexual experience, contraceptive and condom use, and sexual attitudes). Chapter 5 provides a cluster analysis of social sexual lifestyles. Chapter 6 describes the number of tourist sexual partners and the sociosexual lifestyles of workers in the tourist industry. Chapter 7 focuses on psychoactive drug use and sexual activity. Chapter 8 concludes and gives recommendations for HIV/AIDS related health education. A noteworthy finding was that the comparative analysis of the district surveys showed consistent patterns of leisure activities, AIDS/STD awareness, and sexual lifestyles across the region. The level of interaction with tourists showed some variation. There was a fairly high to moderate level of awareness of HIV/AIDS, even though few say themselves as vulnerable. There was a diverse pattern of sexual lifestyles. Recommendations include the development of effective HIV/AIDS related health education which interacts with the process of teenage development in ways conducive to the fostering of safer sex practices. Within social cognitive theory, risk reduction strategies must address the social context, peer group, and the interpersonal relationships in a multifaceted, flexible and innovative way. Mass media campaigns increase awareness but fail to change behavior.
Présentation de l'éditeur : "The study of sexuality in Ethiopia has until now remained largely the domain of medical scientists, public health professionals and epidemiologists; barely touched upon by sociologists, anthropologists and other social scientists. To the author's knowledge, no study has been carried out about the perceptions of different sexual practices in Ethiopia. This book is therefore a pioneering work that explores how young people in the Ethiopian town of Dessie express their sexuality and are experiencing HIV/AIDS in their daily lives. It also considers how poverty and other related structural factors are linked to HIV/AIDS infection and other processes affecting the sexuality of young people, how young people and key informants receive, interpret and evaluate ongoing interventions, and what can be done to reduce infection rates. The book provides insights into the role and interrelationship of the underlying structural, social and cultural factors in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention."