Dams and Disease

Dams and Disease

Author: William Jobin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2003-09-02

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 0203477189

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A guide to help planners and engineers to the improvment of future water projects. The past century of global experience on water projects is presented as the basis for creating new approaches. First-hand analyses, including 35 case studies from 25 countries, portray the influence of politicians, biologists, engineers, computer models and physicians on the spectacular successes and failures of the builders of canals and dams. By drawing on this experience, the author outlines methods for assessing, predicting and preventing major water-associated diseases around large dams, canals and irrigation systems.


The Impact of Irrigation on Nutrition, Health, and Gender

The Impact of Irrigation on Nutrition, Health, and Gender

Author: Laia Domenech

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2013-04-11

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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Agriculture in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA) is still largely rainfed. SSA also exhibits the lowest crop yields for major staples in the world, largely due to low use of irrigation and fertilizer. Rainfed agriculture poses growing production risks with increased climate variability and change. At the same time, smallholder irrigation in the region developed rapidly over the past decade, albeit starting from very low levels. In addition to largely demand-driven irrigation development by smallholders, there is a significant push by donors for large-scale irrigation development, as well as some push for smallholder irrigation. There has also been a long-standing debate about whether irrigation in SSA should be large scale or small scale to achieve its potential. However, given the potentially high rewards, but also high possibility of failure, the assessment of irrigation potential must go beyond large scale versus small scale to integrate concerns regarding environmental sustainability, resource use efficiency, nutrition and health impacts, and women’s empowerment. The hypothesis underlying this review paper is that how irrigation gets deployed in SSA will be decisive not only for environmental sustainability (such as deciding remaining forest cover in the region) and poverty reduction, but also for health, nutrition, and gender outcomes in the region. The focus of this paper is on the health, nutrition, and gender linkage. We find that to date, few studies have analyzed the impact of irrigation interventions on nutrition, health, and women’s empowerment, despite the large potential of irrigation to affect these important variables. Irrigation interventions may have differential effects on different members in the household and in the community, such as irrigators, non-irrigators, children, and women. Measuring and understanding such differences, followed by improving design and implementation to maximize gender, health, and nutrition outcomes, could transform irrigation programs from focusing solely on increased food production toward becoming an integral component of poverty-reduction strategies.


Wastewater Irrigation and Health

Wastewater Irrigation and Health

Author: Akissa Bahri

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2009-12-16

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1136544461

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In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in large scale water pollution and the use of very poor quality water for crop irrigation especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on 'making wastewater an asset'.


Landscape Irrigation

Landscape Irrigation

Author: Stephen W. Smith

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9780471038245

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Irrigation methods and components Drawing techniques and presentation Sprinkler and drip irrigation methods and hardware Pipe characteristics and hydraulics Control systems CSI irrigation specifications


Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluent

Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluent

Author: Amos Feigin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 364274480X

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Properly treated sewage effluent becomes an alternative source of irrigation water, and at the same time it provides a convenient means of sewage disposal through land treatment to prevent potential health and environmental hazards caused by uncontrolled flow of wastewater. The objective of this volume is to provide the reader with a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the principles and practices of irrigation with treated sewage effluent, including special reference to arid quality of the water (e.g. pathogenic organisms, salt, nutrients). The present volume describes the main components of effluent-soil-plant systems involved in the development of appropriate irrigation-fertilization-cropping management for optimizing crop production. Comprehensive information has been suggested on the following subjects: 1. source, treatment and properties of sewage effluent; 2. main processes of different effluent constituents on soil-plant systems; 3. irrigation-fertilization management; 4. irrigation systems for sewage effluent.


Thorsons Principles of Colonic Irrigation

Thorsons Principles of Colonic Irrigation

Author: Jillie Collings

Publisher: HarperThorsons

Published: 1996-01

Total Pages: 157

ISBN-13: 9780722530290

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This book introduces alternative methods of bowel cleansing, and in particular the highly effective colonic irrigation, a controversial and fashionable therapy whose devotees include Princess Diana.


Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures

Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures

Author: Sharma S.K.

Publisher: S. Chand Publishing

Published:

Total Pages: 1199

ISBN-13: 9352533771

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Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures comprehensively deals with all aspects of Irrigation in India, soil moisture and different types of irrigation systems including but not limited to Sprinkler, Tubewell, Canal and Micro-Irrigation. The book also focuses on Engineering Hydrology, Dams, Water Power Engineering as well as Irrigation Water Management. Special care has been taken to highlight the principles, practices and design procedures that have been widely recommended as well as suggest improvements in the application of existing methods and adoption of latest techniques used in other parts of the world.