Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment
Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment

Author: Hideshige Takada

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-10-13

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 3319955683

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This volume consists of 15 chapters and focuses on hazardous chemicals, how they are associated with plastics, and their environmental risks. It includes background information on plastics and additives chemistry, and their observed or potential effects on living organisms as well as the oceanographic aspects of marine debris dispersion. The respective chapters provide insights into the sorption/desorption of chemicals in and out of plastics, the mechanisms and kinetics, but also the scale of the concentrations of chemicals found in marine debris, particularly in microplastics. The occurrence of the various chemicals is analyzed, as well as the distribution profiles of the chemicals in microplastics throughout the world’s oceans. The implications of the fact that plastics carry within them several chemicals are discussed in detail. In closing, new research topics that warrant further attention are identified. The book will appeal to all scientists who are already working or interested in starting to work on the topic of marine debris, as well as policymakers, NGOs and the broader informed public.

Marine Anthropogenic Litter
Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Author: Melanie Bergmann

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-01

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 3319165100

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This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Microplastics in Water and Wastewater
Microplastics in Water and Wastewater

Author: Hrissi K. Karapanagioti

Publisher: IWA Publishing

Published: 2019-09-15

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 1789060028

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This book covers the topic of microplastics in water and wastewater. The chapters start with introductory issues related to the growing interest in the scientific community on microplastics and the human water cycle and point out where the microplastics could interact with water. The subsequent chapters examine evidence of the microplastic presence in freshwater, such as in both rivers and lakes, in freshwater biota, and hazardous chemicals associated with microplastics in such systems. Another set of chapters discuss the presence of microplastics in wastewater: their sources; their transfer through a wastewater treatment plant; the concentration of microplastics in effluents throughout the world; the plastic biomedia used in wastewater treatment plants and the effect on the surrounding environment of effluent wastewater pipes. These chapters also discuss the sampling methods, the sample treatment and analysis techniques used so far for microplastics in wastewater. Additionally, the presence of microplastics in sewage sludge and in soils irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with sludge are discussed. The possible impact of plastics and their additives on plants, microalgae, and humans are reviewed and presented in a critical way. Finally, a chapter summarizes all the relevant regulations and initiatives that point to the necessity of a global directive for the protection of the environment from plastic and microplastic pollution. The topic of microplastics in freshwater systems and in wastewater has scarcely been studied and requires more attention. Microplastics in Water and Wastewater aims to bring these initial findings to the attention of a broader audience and especially to operators and managers of freshwater and wastewater systems. It will also be helpful to people already aware of the marine debris problem to understand the sources of microplastics in the oceans, from freshwater systems and wastewater treatment plants.

YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future
YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future

Author: Simon Jungblut

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-01

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 3030203891

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This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .

Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture:
Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture:

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2018-11-09

Total Pages: 147

ISBN-13: 9251098824

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An overview of the occurrence and effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms, with recommendations regarding seafood safety and security, environmental risk assessment approaches and targeted monitoring of microplastics in the environment.

Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments
Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments

Author: Eddy Y Zeng

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-11-10

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 0443153337

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This second edition of Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments: An Emerging Matter of Environmental Urgency presents 14 chapters, through which a team of global, expert contributors cover a full range of microplastic research. The first chapter describes the general patterns for sources, occurrence, and transport of microplastics to lead off the book. The next batch of chapters covers sampling analytical methods for quantifying microplastics in the environment, followed by chapters addressing the association of chemicals with microplastics. A large cluster of chapters focus on the fate and transport of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, freshwater systems, marine environment, terrestrial settings, and riverine runoff that connects terrestrial and marine systems. The next few chapters examine biotransport and effects of microplastics in organisms. The last two chapters are dedicated to two emerging research areas: nanoplastics in the environment and management strategies for global plastic pollution. Outlooks for future research to better understand the situation and further improvements of microplastic research are also covered. In the 6 years since the previous edition published, this fast-moving area has evolved, and the contents of this revision reflect that. There are numerous brand-new chapters, chapters that have been revised, and chapters that have been completely refocused. This book provides an overview of microplastics research. It is a guide for researchers to better understand the occurrence of microplastics. Ideally, this book provides basic background knowledge of microplastics for oceanographers, ecologists, and climatologists. Provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for sampling, identification, and enumeration of microplastics Contains contributions from world experts with a diverse range of backgrounds, all brought together by a well-known, experienced editor Presents information on microplastics in a unified place, with easy access for the reader

Mare Plasticum - The Plastic Sea
Mare Plasticum - The Plastic Sea

Author: Marilena Streit-Bianchi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-07-23

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 3030389456

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This book, written by a multidisciplinary team of authors comprising scientists, artists and communicators, explores one of the most pressing issues of our time – the menace plastics pose to marine environments and organisms. It takes readers on a journey that begins on the beaches of Galicia, where the beach litter formed the starting point for an exhibition that combines art and science to alert the audience to the urgent need for action. The journey culminates with a short “plastic story”, which reveals a disturbing vision of the future significance of plastics for humans, and an example of how comics can deliver information to a younger audience. Along the way there is plenty of fascinating science, such as insights into the impacts of plastics and microplastics; the new marine ecosystem, known as the “plastisphere”; and the current status of the oceans, from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. The book also explores the historical developments; sustainable solutions, including the use of circular economy methodologies; and protective measures, like those being tried in China and the Far East. Lastly, it describes the role played by rivers as transport vectors for plastic, with special reference to the Danube, and to complete the picture, since most of the plastic is of terrestrial origin, it investigates problems related to microplastics in soils.

Microplastics
Microplastics

Author: John Pichtel

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2023-03-08

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 1636710816

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An in-depth look at what microplastics are, how prevalent they are, and what can be done about them for a professional and academic audience. The first part of the book provides an overview of plastics types, how they are released to the environment, and how they interact with organisms. This part also provides a background for several salient aspects of microplastics hazards (e.g., attachment of toxic chemicals, toxicity to organisms). Special attention will be paid to how microplastics decompose in the environment (which is significant in terms of mobility of toxicity). Subsequent chapters address how to sample and identify microplastics. The second part of the book examines technologies for removal of microplastics from water, wastewater, and soil. Biological, chemical, and physical technologies are presented--technologies that can destroy minute plastics or convert them into benign products. Theory of operation, practical considerations, and possible environmental impacts of their use are discussed. Key aspects include: * technologies available for removal of microplastics from wastewater and surface water; * how various toxins which are sorbed to microplastics adversely affect wastewater treatment processes; * technologies at the pilot- and field stage for removal of microplastics from sediment; and * the distribution of microplastics in the atmosphere. Written by John Pichtel, author of the acclaimed Fundamentals of Site Remediation, and Mathew Simpson.

Summary of Expert Discussion Forum on Possible Human Health Risks from Microplastics in the Marine Environment
Summary of Expert Discussion Forum on Possible Human Health Risks from Microplastics in the Marine Environment

Author: U.s. Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-04-18

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 9781717132307

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The ever-increasing volume of trash, litter, and debris entering inland waterways, coastal waters, and oceans presents a challenge to water quality and habitat protection that warrants attention. Trash has become a pervasive problem in these environments, causing aesthetic blight, ecological effects, economic impacts, and possible human health risks. Land-based sources account for a majority of trash in the ocean and coastal environments. Land-based trash that is disposed of improperly can enter freshwater and coastal ecosystems and eventually make its way to the ocean. EPA has established the national Trash Free Waters (TFW) program to encourage collaborative actions by public and private stakeholders to prevent trash from entering water (http: //water.epa.gov/type/oceb/marinedebris/). Through EPA analysis, communication, policy and program development, and support for strategic planning, the Agency can be a catalyst for proactive prevention and reduction actions by government, businesses, and citizens to keep trash out of water. Aquatic trash consists of many different types of products and materials, including commonly found plastic items such as bags, bottles, food containers and wrappers, and service ware. In the marine environment, plastic trash is associated with direct impacts on marine life via strangulation, ingestion, or other physical harm. In addition to these impacts, there is a growing concern about the potential for microplastic particles (plastic trash broken into smaller pieces) and their associated toxic chemicals to contribute to human health risks as the microplastics and toxics move through the marine food web. Plastic particles are widely distributed in the surface waters and sediments of oceans. Microplastics have the potential to both sorb and desorb chemicals in the marine environment; these chemicals may be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT). Toxic impacts on marine species due to ingestion of plastic particles are not well understood, but are being explored. There also is scientific uncertainty about the potential for bioaccumulation of PBTs from microplastics in the marine food web and for risks to human health due to contaminated seafood consumption

Freshwater Microplastics
Freshwater Microplastics

Author: Martin Wagner

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-11-21

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 3319616153

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.