"How much does it weigh?" seems a simple question. To scientists and engineers, however, the answer is far from simple, and determining the answer demands consideration of an almost overwhelming number of factors. With an intriguing blend of history, fundamentals, and technical details, the Handbook of Mass Measurement sets forth the details
A comprehensive reference and history book on what is measured and why. Measurement is one of humankind's oldest and most vital activities. By measuring height, speed, size, temperature, strength and many other factors, humans can compare, improve and progress. In fact, measurement is an essential tool for survival. A Measure of Everything is a wide-ranging and comprehensive guide to what is measured and why. The book begins when the basic measurements were as simple as more, less and enough. As societies evolved, relative measurements were no longer sufficient. Advances in language allowed more precise measurements. Short distances were measured in relation to parts of the human body. For example, the ancient measurement cubit was the length of a pharaoh's arm plus the width of his hand. As society and culture progress and change, so do measurements. The rise of astronomy and the sciences demanded more exact measurements. These measurements are typically named after the discovering scientist, e.g., henry, curie, watt, rutherford, fahrenheit. This book features 28 categories organized into three sections: Earth and Life Sciences: astronomy, distance, time, meteorology, medicine, and five others. Physical Sciences: chemistry, mathematics, physics, speed, weight, temperature, and three others. Technology and Leisure: computers, engineering, finance, food, textiles, and four others. A Measure of Everything is an informative and entertaining book that will appeal to a wide range of readers.
A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science." — Lord Kelvin Measurement is at the heart of any engineering and scientific discipline and job function. Whether engineers and scientists are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful data. The Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering and scientific measurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, Volume 3 covers measurements in physics, electrical engineering and chemistry: Laser Measurement Techniques Magnetic Force Images using Capacitive Coupling Effect Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Measurement of Light and Color The Detection and Measurement of Ionizing Radiation Measuring Time and Comparing Clocks Laboratory-Based Gravity Measurement Cryogenic Measurements Temperature-Dependent Fluorescence Measurements Voltage and Current Transducers for Power Systems Electric Power and Energy Measurement Chemometrics for the Engineering and Measurement Sciences Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Measurements of Nitrotyrosine-Containing Proteins Fluorescence Spectroscopy X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Nanomaterials Properties Chemical Sensing Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering will also prove ideal for academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.
This book delivers a comprehensive overview of units of measurement. Beginning with a historical look at metrology in Ancient India, the book explains fundamental concepts in metrology such as basic, derived and dimensionless quantities, and introduces the concept of quantity calculus. It discusses and critically examines various three and four-dimensional systems of units used both presently and in the past, while explaining why only four base units are needed for a system of measurement. It discusses the Metre Convention as well as the creation of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and gives a detailed look at the evolution of the current SI base units of time, length, mass, electric current, temperature, intensity of illumination and substance. This updated second edition is extended with timely new chapters discussing past efforts to redefine the SI base units as well as the most recent 2019 redefinitions based entirely on the speed of light and other fundamental physical constants. Additionally, it provides biographical presentations of many of the historical figures behind commonly used units of measurements, such as Newton, Joule and Ohm, With its accessible and comprehensive treatment of the field, together with its unique presentation of the underlying history, this book is well suited to any student and researcher interested in the practical and historical aspects of the field of metrology.
The introduction of the ISO 9000 quality standard resulted in renewed interest and pressure on industry to strengthen their quality and metrology standards. To meet this renewed interest Practical Density Measurement and Hydrometry provides invaluable, contemporary information on mass metrology. The book highlights the principles of physics involved and the technology needed to accurately measure the density of solids and liquids to high precision to meet the increasing demands on the metrology industry. Starting with national and international density standards, the book proceeds to discuss the variety of methods used to accurately measure solid and liquid density, to compare and contrast these techniques, and to thoroughly explain the thermal dilation of liquids. It also examines interferometers used in dimensional measurements of solid-based density standards, corrections applicable due to finite aperture, phase change due to reflection and ringing, and special methods for density determination. The final chapters detail specific points of relevance to density measurements and hydrometry for materials commonly used in industry. Complimented with practical guidance on applying these measurement techniques, calibration procedures, and data tables, this book is an essential reference for metrologists and a valuable introduction for graduate students.
Ideal for everyday use by project managers, process engineers, mechanical engineers and sales people, this handbook provides quick access to symbols, selection criteria, conversion guidelines, and more. This compact reference contains key information that is often needed on a regular basis. Due to its size and weight it is very portable, thus making it your first choice to take to meetings or remote locations. It is a mini version of more expensive, larger, detailed shelf-based handbooks such as ISA's PGS Series and the ISA Directory. Its affordable price makes this book perfect for companies who are just starting up or have limited budgets. Contents: Symbols Measurement Control Loops Control Valves Tables for Conversion, Corrosion, Resistance.
A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurementtools, techniques, and applications—Volume 2 "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and expressit in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannotmeasure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledgeis of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning ofknowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to thestage of science." — Lord Kelvin Measurement falls at the heart of any engineering discipline andjob function. Whether engineers are attempting to staterequirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to trackprogress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits,they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful,useful data. The Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering isthe most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineeringmeasurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedicin scope, Volume 2 spans several disciplines—MaterialsProperties and Testing, Instrumentation, and MeasurementStandards—and covers: Viscosity Measurement Corrosion Monitoring Thermal Conductivity of Engineering Materials Optical Methods for the Measurement of ThermalConductivity Properties of Metals and Alloys Electrical Properties of Polymers Testing of Metallic Materials Testing and Instrumental Analysis for Plastics Processing Analytical Tools for Estimation of ParticulateCompositeMaterial Properties Input and Output Characteristics Measurement Standards and Accuracy Tribology Measurements Surface Properties Measurement Plastics Testing Mechanical Properties of Polymers Nondestructive Inspection Ceramics Testing Instrument Statics Signal Processing Bridge Transducers Units and Standards Measurement Uncertainty Data Acquisition and Display Systems Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers inindustry and government, Handbook of Measurement in Science andEngineering will also prove ideal for members of majorengineering associations and academics and researchers atuniversities and laboratories.
The Concise Industrial Flow Measurement Handbook: A Definitive Practical Guide covers the complete range of modern flow measuring technologies and represents 40 years of experiential knowledge within a wide variety of industries, and from more than 5000 technicians and engineers who have attended the author’s workshops. This book covers all the current technologies in flow measurement, including high accuracy Coriolis, ultrasonic custody transfer, and high accuracy magnetic flowmeters. The book also discusses flow proving and limitations of different proving methods. This volume contains over 300 explanatory drawings and graphs and is presented in a form suitable for both the beginner, with no prior knowledge of the subject, as well as the more advanced specialist. This book is aimed at professionals in the field, including chemical engineers, process engineers, instrumentation and control engineers, and mechanical engineers.