This handbook on vacuolar and plasma membrane H+-ATPases is the first to focus on an essential link between vacuolar H+-ATPase and the glycolysis metabolic pathway to understand the mechanism of diabetes and the metabolism of cancer cells. It presents recent findings on the structure and function of vacuolar H+-ATPase in glucose promoting assembly and signaling. It also describes the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar H+-ATPase in yeast cells, neural stem cells, kidney cells, cancer cells, and under diabetic conditions.
ATP-dependent active ion transport enables cells to regulate their pH value and to control their ion composition. The reverse process, transforming an ion imbalance into chemical energy, drives mitochondrial and chloroplast ATP synthesis. The mediators of these fundamental processes are ion-motive ATPases, highly conserved enzymes that play key roles in cell physiology from bacteria to man. As the first comprehensive overview of this important class of enzymes, this handbook summarizes recent knowledge about the molecular mechanism of ATPases, relating this information to the physiology and pathopyhsiology of ion transport, mitochondrial function, vesicle transport and lysosomal acidification. All important P-type, F-type and V-type ATPases are treated systematically, complemented by a special section on the cell biology and physiology of acidic compartments, and backed by an extensive bibliography and index. This premier reference source for physiologists, molecular biologists, biophysicists and clinical researchers contains contributions by the world's foremost ATPase research groups.
Explores the molecular, biochemical, functional, structural, and developmental mechanisms of pH in plant growth. Examines the role of pH in plant symplasm, plant apoplasm, thr rhizosphere, the ecosystem, and plant interaction with biotic snd abiotic environments.
With contributions from over 70 international experts, this reference provides comprehensive coverage of plant physiological stages and processes under both normal and stressful conditions. It emphasizes environmental factors, climatic changes, developmental stages, and growth regulators as well as linking plant and crop physiology to the production of food, feed, and medicinal compounds. Offering over 300 useful tables, equations, drawings, photographs, and micrographs, the book covers cellular and molecular aspects of plant and crop physiology, plant and crop physiological responses to heavy metal concentration and agrichemicals, computer modeling in plant physiology, and more.
The burgeoning demand on the world food supply, coupled with concern over the use of chemical fertilizers, has led to an accelerated interest in the practice of precision agriculture. This practice involves the careful control and monitoring of plant nutrition to maximize the rate of growth and yield of crops, as well as their nutritional value.
Biochemical kinetics refers to the rate at which a reaction takes place. Kinetic mechanisms have played a major role in defining the metabolic pathways, the mechanistic action of enzymes, and even the processing of genetic material. The Handbook of Biochemical Kinetics provides the "underlying scaffolding" of logic for kinetic approaches to distinguish rival models or mechanisms. The handbook also comments on techniques and their likely limitations and pitfalls, as well as derivations of fundamental rate equations that characterize biochemical processes.Key Features* Over 750 pages devoted to theory and techniques for studying enzymic and metabolic processes* Over 1,500 definitions of kinetic and mechanistic terminology, with key references* Practical advice on experimental design of kinetic experiments* Extended step-by-step methods for deriving rate equations* Over 1,000 enzymes, complete with EC numbers, reactions catalyzed, and references to reviews and/or assay methods* Over 5,000 selected references to kinetic methods appearing in the Methods in Enzymology series* 72-page Wordfinder that allows the reader to search by keywords* Summaries of mechanistic studies on key enzymes and protein systems* Over 250 diagrams, figures, tables, and structures
The biological membranes of cellular organization enfold an important group of membrane proteins called the ATPases, which are not only versatile in maintaining chemical gradient and electrical potential across the membrane but also bring metabolites necessary for cell metabolism and drive out toxins, waste products and solutes that otherwise can curb cell functions. ATPases are distributed virtually in all live forms starting from unicellular to multicellular and also in viruses. There are different types of ATPases, which differ in function and structure and in the type of ions they transport. The three main types of the ion pump ATPase family are: (i) P-type ATPases that transport different ions across membranes and Ca2+ATPases belongs to this catagory (ii) F-type ATPase in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacterial plasma membranes produce ATP using the proton gradient; and (iii) V-type ATPase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes and maintains acidic pH in organelles like lysosomes. Genetic defects in either of the ATPases cause several diseases and a number of researches have demonstrated the involvement of the members of ATPases in the cell pathology and diseases, thereby penetrating exciting new areas of our understanding. In this book, the authors summarize recent knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with Ca2+-ATPase, V-ATPase and F-ATPase in intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ transport, mitochondrial ATP synthase, vesicular H+ transport, and lysosomal pH regulation. This book thereby bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The book provides an informative resource to improve ATPase research and modern therapeutic approaches toward different life threatening diseases that are associated with dysregulation of the ATPases.
Gastroenterology has advanced through the development and application of increasingly sophisticated methods to measure changes in gastrointestinal function. Handbook of Methods in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology brings together details on commonly employed approaches in investigative gastroenterology. The book provides comprehensive coverage of methods and techniques used to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs on the GI tract. An integral part of each chapter is the discussion of development of techniques based upon physiologic mechanisms and principles in pharmacology. In vivo and in situ techniques involving whole animals, isolated tissue methodology, the use of single cell systems, and molecular biology approaches are covered. Illustrations provide a clear understanding of methodologies discussed. Emphasis is placed on advantages and disadvantages of each technique in answering specific research questions. Chapters are written by experts experienced in the techniques they discuss; many pioneered one or more widely used methods. The wide variety of topics included make the Handbook of Methods in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology useful to established investigators, research fellows, and graduate students. Additionally, reviewers of grants and manuscripts can use it to clarify questions that arise regarding appropriate use of a technique in a particular setting.
Physiology is a comprehensive presentation of core physiologic concepts with a focus on mechanisms. Renowned physiology instructor Linda S. Costanzo covers important concepts in the field, both at the organ system and cellular levels. Easy to read and user-friendly, the revised fourth edition stresses essential and relevant content with absolute clarity and includes concise step-by-step explanations complemented by numerous tables and abundant illustrations. It provides information on the underlying principles of cellular physiology, the autonomic nervous system, and neurophysiology, as well as the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, acid-base, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive organ systems. This book is ideal as both a textbook and as a review guide for the boards. Provides step-by-step explanations and easy-to-follow diagrams clearly depicting physiologic principles. Integrates equations and sample problems throughout the text. Presents chapter summaries for quick overviews of important points. Contains boxed Clinical Physiology Cases to provide you with more clinical examples and a more thorough understanding of application. Provides questions at the end of each chapter for an extensive review of the material and to reinforce your understanding and retention. Offers a full-color design and all full-color illustrations throughout. Features increased coverage of pathophysiology in the neurophysiology, gastrointestinal, renal, acid-base, and endocrine chapters to emphasize this important component of the USMLE exam. Incorporates further practice in solving physiology equations through the inclusion of additional problem-solving questions throughout the text.
FROM THE PREFACE:The original purpose of the First Edition of Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tractto collect in one set of volumes the most current and comprehensive knowledge in our fieldwas also the driving force for the Fourth Edition. The explosion of information at the cellular level, made possible in part by the continued emergence of powerful molecular and cellular techniques, has resulted in a greater degree of revision than that of any other edition. The first section, now titled "Basic Cell Physiology and Growth of the Gl Tract" contains numerous new chapters on topics such as transcriptional regulation, signaling networks in development, apoptosis, and mechanisms in malignancies. Most of the chapters in this section were edited by Juanita L. Merchant. Section II has been renamed "Neural Gastroenterology and Motility" and has been expanded from seven chapters with rather classic titles to more than twenty chapters encompassing not only the movement of the various parts of the digestive tract but also cell physiology, neural regulation, stress, and the regulation of food intake. Almost all of the chapters were recruited and edited by Jackie D. Wood. The third section is entirely new and contains chapters on "Immunology and Inflammation" which were edited by Kim E. Barrett. The fourth section on the "Physiology of Secretion" consists of chapters with familiar titles, but with completely updated information to reflect the advances in our understanding of the cellular processes involved in secretion. The last section on "Digestion and Absorption" contains new chapters on the intestinal barrier, protein sorting and ion channels along with those focusing on the uptake of specific nutrients. These chapters were recruited and edited by Hamid M. Said and Fayez K. Ghishan.· Collected in one set - the most current and comprehensive coverage of gastrointestinal physiology· Information presented in a style that is both readable and understandable· Valuable to the specialized researcher, the clinical gastroenterologist, the teacher, and the student· Features an entirely new section on Immunology and Inflammation· Each section edited by the preeminent scientist in the field
