Guesstimation 2.0
Guesstimation 2.0

Author: Lawrence Weinstein

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2012-09-30

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 069115080X

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Simple and effective techniques for quickly estimating virtually anything Guesstimation 2.0 reveals the simple and effective techniques needed to estimate virtually anything—quickly—and illustrates them using an eclectic array of problems. A stimulating follow-up to Guesstimation, this is the must-have book for anyone preparing for a job interview in technology or finance, where more and more leading businesses test applicants using estimation questions just like these. The ability to guesstimate on your feet is an essential skill to have in today's world, whether you're trying to distinguish between a billion-dollar subsidy and a trillion-dollar stimulus, a megawatt wind turbine and a gigawatt nuclear plant, or parts-per-million and parts-per-billion contaminants. Lawrence Weinstein begins with a concise tutorial on how to solve these kinds of order of magnitude problems, and then invites readers to have a go themselves. The book features dozens of problems along with helpful hints and easy-to-understand solutions. It also includes appendixes containing useful formulas and more. Guesstimation 2.0 shows how to estimate everything from how closely you can orbit a neutron star without being pulled apart by gravity, to the fuel used to transport your food from the farm to the store, to the total length of all toilet paper used in the United States. It also enables readers to answer, once and for all, the most asked environmental question of our day: paper or plastic?

Princeton Review AP Statistics Prep, 20th Edition
Princeton Review AP Statistics Prep, 20th Edition

Author: The Princeton Review

Publisher: Princeton Review

Published: 2023-08-01

Total Pages: 465

ISBN-13: 0593516850

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EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO SCORE A PERFECT 5. Ace the AP Statistics Exam with this comprehensive study guide, including 5 full-length practice tests with answer explanations, content reviews for all topics, strategies for every question type, and access to online extras. Techniques That Actually Work • Tried-and-true strategies to help you avoid traps and beat the test • Tips for pacing yourself and guessing logically • Essential tactics to help you work smarter, not harder Everything You Need for a High Score • Fully aligned with the latest College Board standards for AP® Statistics • Comprehensive content review for all test topics • Engaging activities to help you critically assess your progress • Access to study plans, a handy list of formulas and tables, helpful pre-college advice, and more via your online Student Tools Practice Your Way to Excellence • 5 full-length practice tests (2 in the book, 3 online) with detailed answer explanations • Practice drills at the end of every content review chapter • Step-by-step walk-throughs for how to set up box plots, dot plots, and other statistics graphics

Estimating the Error of Numerical Solutions of Systems of Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Estimating the Error of Numerical Solutions of Systems of Reaction-Diffusion Equations

Author: Donald J. Estep

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 125

ISBN-13: 0821820729

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This paper is concerned with the computational estimation of the error of numerical solutions of potentially degenerate reaction-diffusion equations. The underlying motivation is a desire to compute accurate estimates as opposed to deriving inaccurate analytic upper bounds. In this paper, we outline, analyze, and test an approach to obtain computational error estimates based on the introduction of the residual error of the numerical solution and in which the effects of the accumulation of errors are estimated computationally. We begin by deriving an a posteriori relationship between the error of a numerical solution and its residual error using a variational argument. This leads to the introduction of stability factors, which measure the sensitivity of solutions to various kinds of perturbations. Next, we perform some general analysis on the residual errors and stability factors to determine when they are defined and to bound their size. Then we describe the practical use of the theory to estimate the errors of numerical solutions computationally. Several key issues arise in the implementation that remain unresolved and we present partial results and numerical experiments about these points. We use this approach to estimate the error of numerical solutions of nine standard reaction-diffusion models and make a systematic comparison of the time scale over which accurate numerical solutions can be computed for these problems. We also perform a numerical test of the accuracy and reliability of the computational error estimate using the bistable equation. Finally, we apply the general theory to the class of problems that admit invariant regions for the solutions, which includes seven of the main examples. Under this additional stability assumption, we obtain a convergence result in the form of an upper bound on the error from the a posteriori error estimate. We conclude by discussing the preservation of invariant regions under discretization.

Control and Estimation of Systems with Input/Output Delays
Control and Estimation of Systems with Input/Output Delays

Author: Huanshui Zhang

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2007-09-05

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 3540711198

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Time delays exist in many engineering systems such as transportation, communication, process engineering and networked control systems. In recent years, time delay systems have attracted recurring interests from research community. Much of the effort has been focused on stability analysis and stabilization of time delay systems using the so-called Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional together with a linear matrix inequality approach, which provides an efficient numerical tool for handling systems with delays in state and/or inputs. Recently, some more interesting and fundamental development for systems with input/output (i/o) delays has been made using time domain or frequency domain approaches. These approaches lead to analytical solutions to time delay problems in terms of Riccati equations or spectral factorizations. This monograph presents simple analytical solutions to control and estimation problems for systems with multiple i/o delays via elementary tools such as projection. We propose a re-organized innovation analysis approach for delay systems and establish a duality between optimal control of systems with multiple input delays and smoothing estimation for delay free systems. These appealing new techniques are applied to solve control and estimation problems for systems with multiple i/o delays and state delays under both the H2 and H-infinity performance criteria.

Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part I
Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part I

Author: Harry L. Van Trees

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-04-15

Total Pages: 1188

ISBN-13: 0470542969

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Originally published in 1968, Harry Van Trees’s Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I is one of the great time-tested classics in the field of signal processing. Highly readable and practically organized, it is as imperative today for professionals, researchers, and students in optimum signal processing as it was over thirty years ago. The second edition is a thorough revision and expansion almost doubling the size of the first edition and accounting for the new developments thus making it again the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject. With a wide range of applications such as radar, sonar, communications, seismology, biomedical engineering, and radar astronomy, among others, the important field of detection and estimation has rarely been given such expert treatment as it is here. Each chapter includes section summaries, realistic examples, and a large number of challenging problems that provide excellent study material. This volume which is Part I of a set of four volumes is the most important and widely used textbook and professional reference in the field.

Optimisation Algorithms for Hand Posture Estimation
Optimisation Algorithms for Hand Posture Estimation

Author: Shahrzad Saremi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-08-26

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 9811397570

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This book reviews the literature on hand posture estimation using generative methods, identifying the current gaps, such as sensitivity to hand shapes, sensitivity to a good initial posture, difficult hand posture recovery in cases of loss in tracking, and lack of addressing multiple objectives to maximize accuracy and minimize computational cost. To fill these gaps, it proposes a new 3D hand model that combines the best features of the current 3D hand models in the literature. It also discusses the development of a hand shape optimization technique. To find the global optimum for the single-objective problem formulated, it improves and applies particle swarm optimization (PSO), one of the most highly regarded optimization algorithms and one that is used successfully in both science and industry. After formulating the problem, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is employed to estimate the Pareto optimal front as the solution for this bi-objective problem. The book also demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved PSO in hand posture recovery in cases of tracking loss. Lastly, the book examines the formulation of hand posture estimation as a bi-objective problem for the first time. The case studies included feature 50 hand postures extracted from five standard datasets, and were used to benchmark the proposed 3D hand model, hand shape optimization, and hand posture recovery.

Risk Models and Their Estimation
Risk Models and Their Estimation

Author: Stephen G. Kellison

Publisher: ACTEX Publications

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 1150

ISBN-13: 1566987709

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Much of actuarial science deals with the analysis and management of financial risk. In this text we address the topic of loss models, traditionally called risk theory by actuaries, including the estimation of such models from sample data. The theory of survival models is addressed in other texts, including the ACTEX work entitled Models for Quantifying Risk which might be considered a companion text to this one. In Risk Models and Their Estimation we consider as well the estimation of survival models, in both tabular and parametric form, from sample data. This text is a valuable reference for those preparing for Exam C of the Society of Actuaries and Exam 4 of the Casualty Actuarial Society. A separate solutions' manual with detailed solutions to the text exercises is also available.

The 2007 Iran Nuclear Estimate Revisited
The 2007 Iran Nuclear Estimate Revisited

Author: Robert Jervis

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2022-05-11

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 1000588181

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The 2007 Iran Nuclear Estimate Revisited: Anatomy of a Controversy explores both the contents and reaction to the U.S. intelligence community’s (IC) National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) that Iran had suspended its clandestine program to develop nuclear weapons. The volume offers insights into the art of intelligence analysis and the issues encountered when estimates run counter to policy or partisan preferences. In November 2007, the U.S. National Intelligence Council issued an NIE entitled Iran’s Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities that contained a surprising finding. Analysts concluded that Iran had probably suspended its clandestine effort to develop a nuclear weapon. This assessment created a political firestorm, despite the fact that analysts went to great lengths to assess the accuracy of their sources and to offer nuanced judgments about the complex issues surrounding Iran’s civilian and military nuclear programs. In this edited volume, former intelligence professionals and leading intelligence scholars describe and assess the factors that shaped this NIE and the course of events that sparked an international controversy. These chapters make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the state of the art when it comes to intelligence analysis and the challenges that emerge when intelligence estimates address significant foreign and defence policy issues and on-going political debates. One of the chapters in this volume was originally published in the book titled, Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies, edited by Robert Dover, Michael Goodman, Claudia Hillebrand. Other chapters were originally published in the journals Intelligence and National Security and Comparative Strategy.

Analysis and Synthesis for Networked Multi-Rate Systems
Analysis and Synthesis for Networked Multi-Rate Systems

Author: Yuxuan Shen

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-12-18

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1003810861

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This book presents novel state estimation methods for several classes of networked multi-rate systems including state estimation methods for networked multi-rate systems with various complex networked-induced phenomena and communication protocols. The systems investigated include stochastic nonlinear systems, time-delay systems, linear repetitive processes, and artificial neural networks. The techniques used are mainly the Lyapunov stability theory, the optimal estimation theory, the lifting technique, and certain convex optimization method. Features Gives a systematic investigation of the state estimation of multi-rate systems Discusses results on state estimation problems under network-induced complexities Studies different kinds of multi-rate systems including multi-rate nonlinear systems, multi-rate neural networks, and multi-rate linear repetitive processes Explores network-enhanced complexities and communication protocols Includes case studies showing the applicability of developed estimation algorithms including practical examples like DC servo systems and continuous stirred tank reactor systems Analysis and Synthesis for Networked Multi-Rate Systems is aimed at graduate students and researchers in signal processing, control systems, and electrical engineering.