Scientific Essay from the year 2007 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: 1,0, LMU Munich, language: English, abstract: Grammar can be taught, practiced and tested in various ways. It is certainly sensible to combine different approaches. This means that a teacher should mix traditional methods with modern, especially communicative methods. Most importantly, he/she should not stick to one method rigidly. This essay provides a number of alternative ways of teaching, practicing and testing grammar that serve the linguistic as well as communicative competence.
The Michigan English Test (MET) is a standardized international examination designed by Michigan Language Assessment and aimed at upper-beginner to advanced levels--A2 to C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The test assesses general English language proficiency in educational, social, and workplace contexts. The MET is intended for adults and adolescents at or above a secondary level of education who want to measure their general English language proficiency in a variety of linguistic contexts. The test results can be used for educational purposes, such as when finishing an English language course, or for employment purposes, like when applying for a job or pursuing a promotion that requires an English language qualification. The Official MET Practice Test Book is the first book to provide specific test-preparation materials for the MET. The Classroom Edition, designed for school use (the self-study version can be found at https: //www.press.umich.edu/11390380/official_met_practice_test_book_with_answers), includes: 4 complete practice tests (Listening, Reading and Grammar, Writing) 4 sets of Speaking test prompts tips for preparing for the different sections of the tests a progress tracking log for recording practice test scores selected practice test vocabulary lists actual test form instructions and a sample answer sheet The audio for the Listening section can be accessed online at https: //umichigan.pressbooks.pub/metpracticeclassroom/. For more information about the MET, go to www.michiganassessment.org
Grammar is integral to teaching English as a second language, and yet there is often a disconnect between theory and practice. This book bridges that gap by introducing key theories of English grammar and showing how they can be applied in teaching. By drawing on an eclectic range of sources, and using a multidisciplinary approach, Berry links advances in our knowledge of grammar, from theoretical and descriptive viewpoints, with developments in pedagogical practices, to provide a comprehensive overview of the whole process of grammar. The second part of the book contains four case studies of key areas of English grammar in which the insights of the earlier chapters are applied, illustrating how grammar theory is used in practice. Offering new insights into the way English grammar works, this book is invaluable for all professionals who 'do' English grammar: teachers, grammarians, textbook writers and syllabus designers, testers and researchers.
This heavily revised and updated new edition of the best-selling language teacher handbook is a comprehensive introduction to research-informed classroom practice. Topics explored include: Language teaching methods Lesson and curriculum planning Intercultural understanding Listening, speaking, reading and writing Teaching in the target language Vocabulary, grammar and phonics Fluency and lexicogrammar Assessment Meeting the needs of all learners Teaching advanced level students Motivation Songs and drama Subject knowledge Language teachers of any experience will be introduced to a wide range of findings from second language acquisition and cognitive science research, along with a wealth of practical classroom ideas to enhance their practice. This new edition lays greater emphasis on lexicogrammar, fluency, intercultural understanding, meeting diverse learner needs, lesson and curriculum planning. About the first edition: "A treasure chest for every language teacher." (Languages Today, the magazine of the Association for Language Learning.)
With stress 256 (3) Working with intonation 259 (3) Sounds and spelling 262 (1) Connected speech and fluency 263 (2) PART 7: LANGUAGE SKILLS Teaching Language Skills Skills together 265 (5) Input and output 266 (1) Integrating skills 266 (1) Language skills, language construction 267 (1) Integrating skill and language work 268 (2) Top-down and bottom-up 270 (1) Receptive skills 270 (5) A basic methodological model for teaching receptive skills 270 (2) The language issue 272 (2) Comprehension tasks 274 (1) Productive skills 275 (3) A basic methodological model for teaching productive skills 275 (1) Structuring discourse 276 (1) Interacting with an audience 277 (1) Dealing with difficulty 277 (1) The language issue 278 (1) Projects 278 (5) Managing projects 279 (1) A webquest project 280 (3) Reading Extensive and intensive reading 283 (5) Extensive reading 283 (3) Intensive reading: the roles of the teacher 286 (1) Intensive reading: the vocabulary question 286 (1) Intensive reading: letting the students in 287 (1) Reading lesson sequences 288 (15) Examples of reading sequences 288 (15) Listening Extensive and intensive listening 303 (5) Extensive listening 303 (1) Intensive listening: using audio material 304 (2) Who controls the recorded material? 306 (1) Intensive listening: `live’ listening 306 (1) Intensive listening: the roles of the teacher 307 (1) Film and video 308 (2) Viewing techniques 308 (1) Listening (and mixed) techniques 309 (1) Listening (and film) lesson sequences 310 (9) Examples of listening sequences 310 (9) The sound of music 319 (4) Writing Literacy 323 (2) Handwriting 323 (1) Spelling 324 (1) Layout and punctuation 325 (1) Approaches to student writing 325 (6) Process and product 325 (2) Genre 327 (1) Creative writing 328 (1) Writing as a cooperative activity 328 (1) Building the writing habit 329 (1) Writing-for-learning and writing-for-writing 330 (1) The roles of the teacher 330 (1) Writing lesson sequences 331 (9) Portfolios, journals, letters 340 (3) Speaking Elements of speaking 343 (2) Different speaking events 343 (1) Conversational strategies 343 (2) Functional language, adjacency pairs and fixed phrases 345 (1) Students and speaking 345 (3) Reluctant students 345 (2) The roles of the teacher 347 (1) Classroom speaking activities 348 (5) Acting from a script 348 (1) Communication games 349 (1) Discussion 350 (1) Prepared talks 351 (1) Questionnaires 352 (1) Simulation and role-play 352 (1) Speaking lesson sequences 353 (8) Making recordings 361 (3) Getting everyone involved 362 (2) PART 8: PLANNING AND SYLLABUSES Planning Lessons The planning paradox 364 (3) The planning continuum 365 (1) Using plans in class 365 (2) Pre-planning and planning 367 (8) Student needs 367 (1) Making the plan 368 (3) Making the plan formal: background elements 371 (3) Making the plan formal: describing procedure and materials 374 (1) Planning a sequence of lessons 375 (4) Projects and threads 377 (2) PART 9: EVALUATION Testing and Evaluation Testing and assessment 379 (2) Different types of testing 379 (2) Characteristics of a good test 381 (1) Types of test item 381 (5) Direct and indirect test items 381 (1) Indirect test item types 382 (2) Direct test item types 384 (2) Writing and marking tests 386 (3) Writing tests 386 (1) Marking tests 387 (2) Teaching for tests 389 (6) PART 10: LEARNER AUTONOMY AND TEACHER DEVELOPMENT Learner Autonomy: Learning to Learn Promoting autonomy 395 (1) Students and teachers 395 (1) Learner training, learner autonomy 396 (7) Thinking about learning 397 (2) Taking over 399 (1) Learning journals 400 (3) Forcing agency? 403 (1) The self-access centre (SAC) 403 (4) Characteristics of a good self-access centre 404 (2) Evaluating self-access resources 406 (1) After (and outside) the course 407 (3) Training students to continue learning 407 (3) What Teachers Do Next Reflection paths 410 (4) Keeping journals 411 (1) Negative and positive 411 (1) Recording ourselves 412 (1) Professional literature 413 (1) Action research 414 (4) Action research cycles 414 (1) Gathering data 415 (3) Developing with others 418 (4) Cooperative/collaborative development 418 (1) Peer teaching, peer observation 419 (2) Teachers’ groups 421 (1) Teachers’ associations 421 (1) The virtual community 422 (1) Moving outwards and sideways 422 (3) Learning by learning 423 (1) Supplementing teaching 423 (2) More training? 425 (1) Being well 425 (4) Bibliography 429 (9) DVD Contents and tasks 438 (4) Indexes (Subject and Author) 442
The Michigan English Test (MET) is a standardized international examination designed by Michigan Language Assessment and aimed at upper-beginner to advanced levels--A2 to C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The test assesses general English language proficiency in educational, social, and workplace contexts. The MET is intended for adults and adolescents at or above a secondary level of education who want to measure their general English language proficiency in a variety of linguistic contexts. The test results can be used for educational purposes, such as when finishing an English language course, or for employment purposes, like when applying for a job or pursuing a promotion that requires an English language qualification. The Official MET Practice Test Book is the first book to provide actual practice tests for students preparing to take the MET. The Official MET Practice Test Book with Answers, designed for self-study (information about the Classroom Edition can be found at https: //www.press.umich.edu/11390089/official_met_practice_test_book_classroom_edition), includes: 4 complete practice tests (Listening, Reading and Grammar, Writing) 4 sets of Speaking test prompts tips for practicing the different sections of the tests a progress tracking log for recording practice test scores selected practice test vocabulary lists answer keys audio transcripts for the Listening section Writing test responses with commentary for two of the tests Examiner scripts for the Speaking test actual test form instructions and a sample answer sheet The audio for the Listening section can be accessed at www.press.umich.edu/elt/compsite/met For more information about the MET, go to www.michiganassessment.org
