Global Imbalances
Global Imbalances

Author: Mr.Gian Milesi-Ferretti

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Published: 2009-12-22

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781462333387

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This chapter analyses various reasons for global imbalances and ways to tackle these issues. Current account balances reflect a plethora of macroeconomic and financial mechanisms. The overall assessment is that the pre-crisis policy advice and the conclusions from the Multilateral Consultations still largely hold. Namely, it is important to address domestic and systemic distortions. It is recommended to increase private and public US saving. The private part has largely taken place. The public part will have to take place over time. This will be good for the United States and help global rebalancing. In the fallout from the financial crisis, the adjustment process of global imbalances has started. However, stopping in midstream is dangerous—while imbalances are smaller than they used to be, the world economy is fragile. Failure to act on the remaining domestic and systemic distortions that caused imbalances would threaten the nascent recovery.

Global Imbalances: In Midstream?
Global Imbalances: In Midstream?

Author: Olivier J. Blanchard

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Published: 2009-12-22

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 9781462333387

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Before the crisis, there were strong arguments for reducing global imbalances. As a result of the crisis, there have been significant changes in saving and investment patterns across the world and imbalances have narrowed considerably. Does this mean that imbalances are a problem of the past? Hardly. The paper argues that there is an urgent need to implement policy changes to address the remaining domestic and international distortions that are a key cause of imbalances. Failure to do so could result in the world economy being stuck in "midstream," threatening the sustainability of the recovery.

Historical Perspective on Global Imbalances
Historical Perspective on Global Imbalances

Author: Michael D. Bordo

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 44

ISBN-13:

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This paper takes an historical perspectives approach to the current episode of global imbalances. I consider four historical episodes which may give some indications as to whether the adjustment to U.S. current account deficit will lead to a 'benign' or 'gloomy' outlook. The episodes are: the transfer of capital in the earlier era of globalization the late nineteenth century; the interwar gold exchange standard; Bretton Woods; and the 1977-79 dollar crisis. I conclude that adjustment in earlier era of globalization has more resonance for the current imbalance than the other scenarios.

Global Imbalances
Global Imbalances

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789276296294

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Global imbalances, as measured by current account surpluses and deficits, had been on a narrowing path for several years, before widening in 2020 and 2021. While there is nothing wrong per se, excessive current account imbalances, if unaddressed, might pose serious risks to the global economy. These Brief analyses the recent dynamics in global imbalances in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the possible effects of the ongoing Russia' war in Ukraine. It notes that while the recent global imbalances widening appears to reflect mostly transitory shocks, uncertainty and downside risks to the global outlook remain exceptionally high. It also underlines that while Emerging Markets Economies' macroeconomic fundamentals appear more resilient to the current monetary tightening, weaknesses remain. The Brief also considers how climate change as a systemic risk could jeopardise the fragile equilibrium of macroeconomic fundamentals. Finally, the Brief presents possible macroeconomic and structural policy options to reduce excess current account imbalances in a growth-friendly manner and to prevent or cushion possible risks.

Global Imbalances and Petrodollars
Global Imbalances and Petrodollars

Author: Rabah Arezki

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2009-04

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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We analyze the European Central Bank's (ECB's) response to the global financial crisis. Our results suggest that even during the crisis, the core part of ECB's monetary policy transmission-from policy rates to market rates-has continued to operate, but at a decreased efficiency. We also find some evidence that the ECB's non-standard measures, namely the lengthening of the maturity of monetary policy operations and the provision of funds at the fixed rate, reduced money market term spreads, facilitating the pass-through from policy to market rates. Furthermore, the results imply that the substantial increase in the ECB's balance sheet may have contributed to a reduction in government bond term spreads.

Global Imbalances and Financial Stability
Global Imbalances and Financial Stability

Author: Miranda Xafa

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2007-05

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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This paper discusses two opposing views on global imbalances: The "traditional view", which regards the imbalances as a threat to global economic and financial stability, and the "new paradigm" view, which considers that they are the natural consequence of economic and financial globalization. In terms of their policy implications, the traditional view focuses on monetary and fiscal policy decisions in the United States that need to be urgently reversed to avoid an abrupt unwinding of the imbalances involving a sell-off of dollar assets, a sharp increase in U.S. interest rates, and a hard landing for the global economy. By contrast, the new paradigm view considers that the imbalances will be resolved smoothly through the normal functioning of markets. The paper argues that an abrupt unwinding of imbalances is highly unlikely and advances a number of arguments in support of the new paradigm view.

Reducing Risks from Global Imbalances
Reducing Risks from Global Imbalances

Author: Committee for Economic Development. Research and Policy Committee

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 65

ISBN-13: 9780871861856

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"Risks from global trade and financial "imbalances" and recommendations on how to reduce their threat to the world economy are examined in Reducing Risks from Global Imbalances, a report released today by Committee for Economic Development (CED), a business-led policy group"--PR Newswire.

Twenty Five Years of Global Imbalances
Twenty Five Years of Global Imbalances

Author: Maurice Obstfeld

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13:

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As international capital markets expanded in breadth and depth after the middle 1990s, global current account imbalances also expanded markedly. Some have linked the origin of the subsequent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) to these global imbalances. This essay proposes answers to four questions about the recent history of global imbalances. Why did global imbalances expand after the mid-1990s? What circumstances and concomitant factors provide clues about the origins of the GFC? If one accepts that a mono-causal story about the GFC based on global imbalances is inaccurate, how should one view the potential threats from excessive global imbalances today? And finally, what policy implications follow?