Preventing and Responding to HIV Drug-resistance in the African Region
Preventing and Responding to HIV Drug-resistance in the African Region

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Global action to combat HIV/AIDS has had an immense impact in the African Region. By the end of 2017, 15.3 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the African Region were accessing life-saving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), representing 70% of the 21.7 million people accessing antiretrovirals (ARV) globally. WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) have set the target of 90% of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) achieving virological suppression by 2020. However, the potential positive impact from the scale-up of ART is under threat from an increase in the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). As the prevalence of HIVDR in the African Region increases, the impact on society, the economy and on health could be severe. If the prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in sub-Saharan Africa exceeds 10% and NNRTIs continue to be used in first-line ART regimens, over a five-year period, NNRTI PDR may be responsible for a cumulative 135 000 AIDS-related deaths, 105 000 new HIV infections and an additional US$ 650 million will be spent on ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa. In response to this emerging threat, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Action Plan (GAP) on HIV Drug Rsistance in 2017. The GAP, developed with WHO's partners and stakeholders, outlines a framework for action to minimize the emergence and transmission of HIVDR and to ensure the most effective treatment for all PLHIV.

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health
Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Author: Roger Detels

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 1777

ISBN-13: 0198816804

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"Public health is concerned with the process of mobilizing local, state/provincial, national, and international resources to assure the conditions in which all people can be healthy (Detels and Breslow 2002). To successfully implement this process and to make health for all achievable, public health must perform the functions listed in Box 1.1.1"--

Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring
Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2021-07-16

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 9240031596

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These consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring bring together existing and new clinical and programmatic recommendations across different ages, populations and settings, bringing together all relevant WHO guidance on HIV produced since 2016. It serves as an update to the previous edition of the consolidated guidelines on HIV. These guidelines continue to be structured along the continuum of HIV care. Information on new combination prevention approaches, HIV testing, ARV regimens and treatment monitoring are included. There is a new chapter on advanced HIV disease that integrates updated guidance on the management of important HIV comorbidities, including cryptococcal disease, histoplasmosis and tuberculosis. The chapter on general HIV care, contains a new section on palliative care and pain management, and up to date information on treatment of several neglected tropical diseases, such as visceral leishmaniasis and Buruli ulcer. New recommendations for screening and treating of cervical pre-cancer lesions in women living with HIV are also addressed in this chapter. Guidance on service delivery was expanded to help the implementation and strengthening the HIV care cascade. Importantly, this guidance emphasizes the need for differentiated approaches to care for people who are established on ART, such as reduced frequency of clinic visits, use of multi-month drug dispensing and implementation of community ART distribution. The adoption of these efficiencies is essential to improve the quality of care of people receiving treatment and reduce the burden on health facilities, particularly in resource limited settings.