Gender and Development in Southern Philippines
Gender and Development in Southern Philippines

Author: Myrma Jean A. Mendoza

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The Philippines is one of the early countries in Asia with strong advocacy for gender and sustainable development. As one of the signatory countries of the Beijing Platform for Action (BPA) and Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Philippine government and its national women machinery, the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW) had adapted and implemented international gender policies and legislated Gender and Development (GAD) mandates and structures. The government's concern for women is embodied in the Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development (PPGRD) 1995-2025. Over the years, through various legal mandates, GAD has shifted from being highly centralized to decentralization, from national government to sub-national governments, more known as local government units in the Philippines. As Heilet (et al. 2008) aptly stated, local government is in a unique position to contribute to the global struggle for gender equality and can have a great impact on the status of gender equality around the world, in its capacities as the level of governance closest to the citizens. This article adapts the Gender and Development framework embodied in the PPGD which promotes gender empowerment and equality. That is, sustainable development can truly be attained if the needs and issues of the marginalized women sector at the basic administrative local government units are addressed through representation and legislated gender budget. With more than 2 decades after PPGRD has been passed, the pressing need is to find out how gender mainstreaming and GAD Budget Policy compliance has fared in the southern part of the country, in the city of Iligan, specifically to its most basic administrative units, the barangay. The GAD Budget Policy, a vital component of Gender and Development (GAD) is the focus in this article that is to find out the gender budget compliance in the barangay level, specifically the 15 barangays in Iligan City. The study, conducted in 2016 to 2017 used Key Informant Interviews and reviewed national and local GAD ordinances and documents. Barangay Gender and Development and gender budget policy has still a long way to go in the barangays with its triumphs and challenges. While GAD structures based on mandates from the city government cascaded to the barangay level it is noticeable women are still a minority at the barangay governance. There is however, a high level of compliance, to the 5% gender budget and the preparation of the annual GAD Plan & Budget (GDB). The limited gender budgets although allotted for gender-friendly programs, projects, and activities are not enough. Through women's representation and involvement, feelings of equality, empowerment and self-worth among the women beneficiaries are reported for having contributed to the family income and represented and involved in community development projects.

Struggling With Development
Struggling With Development

Author: Lynn Kwiatkowski

Publisher:

Published: 2019-09-13

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 9780367318093

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Struggling with Development is a study of the complex relationships among international development, hunger, and gender in the context of political violence in the Philippines. This ethnography demonstrates that gender-specific international development, which has among its main goals the alleviation of hunger in women and children and the raising

Beauty and Power
Beauty and Power

Author: Mark Johnson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 1997-09

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13:

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This compelling study of gender and sexual diversity in the Southern Philippines addresses general questions about the relationship between the making of gender and sexualities, the politics of national and ethnic identities and processes of cultural transformation in a world of contract labourers and transnational consumers. The book focuses, in particular, on the meaning and experience of local 'gays' -- transvestite/transgender-homosexual men -- who are at once celebrated as purveyors of beauty (defined in terms of a global American otherness) and valorized as impotent men and defiled women. In short, America functions both as a sign of their abjected status and as a space for imagining and reformulating various gendered identities.This innovative work -- one of the first ethnographic studies to be published in the aftermath of the region's civil unrest -- will be of interest to anyone working on gender, the body and sexuality. Not only does it extend the boundaries of cross-cultural studies of non-mainstream genders and sexualities by directly engaging the entanglement of local sensibilities with global images and discourse, but it also demonstrates that there is nothing ambiguous about ambiguity -- gendered, sexual or otherwise. Rather, this ambiguity is the specific product of different historical relations of power through which various cultural subjects are created and re-create themselves.

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development
Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development

Author: Jane L. Parpart

Publisher: IDRC

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 0889369100

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Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development demytsifies the theory of gender and development and shows how it plays an important role in everyday life. It explores the evolution of gender and development theory, introduces competing theoretical frameworks, and examines new and emerging debates. The focus is on the implications of theory for policy and practice, and the need to theorize gender and development to create a more egalitarian society. This book is intended for classroom and workshop use in the fields ofdevelopment studies, development theory, gender and development, and women's studies. Its clear and straightforward prose will be appreciated by undergraduate and seasoned professional, alike. Classroom exercises, study questions, activities, and case studies are included. It is designed for use in both formal and nonformal educational settings.

Women’s Empowerment and Nutrition
Women’s Empowerment and Nutrition

Author: Mara van den Bold

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2013-11-01

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13:

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Many development programs that aim to alleviate poverty and improve investments in human capital consider women’s empowerment a key pathway by which to achieve impact and often target women as their main beneficiaries. Despite this, women’s empowerment dimensions are often not rigorously measured and are at times merely assumed. This paper starts by reflecting on the concept and measurement of women’s empowerment and then reviews some of the structural interventions that aim to influence underlying gender norms in society and eradicate gender discrimination. It then proceeds to review the evidence of the impact of three types of interventions—cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs—on women’s empowerment, nutrition, or both. Qualitative evidence on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs generally points to positive impacts on women’s empowerment, although quantitative research findings are more heterogenous. CCT programs produce mixed results on long-term nutritional status, and very limited evidence exists of their impacts on micronutrient status. The little evidence available on unconditional cash transters (UCT) indicates mixed impacts on women’s empowerment and positive impacts on nutrition; however, recent reviews comparing CCT and UCT programs have found little difference in terms of their effects on stunting and they have found that conditionality is less important than other factors, such as access to healthcare and child age and sex. Evidence of cash transfer program impacts depending on the gender of the transfer recipient or on the conditionality is also mixed, although CCTs with non-health conditionalities seem to have negative impacts on nutritional status. The impacts of programs based on the gender of the transfer recipient show mixed results, but almost no experimental evidence exists of testing gender-differentiated impacts of a single program. Agricultural interventions—specifically home gardening and dairy projects—show mixed impacts on women’s empowerment measures such as time, workload, and control over income; but they demonstrate very little impact on nutrition. Implementation modalities are shown to determine differential impacts in terms of empowerment and nutrition outcomes. With regard to the impact of microfinance on women’s empowerment, evidence is also mixed, although more recent reviews do not find any impact on women’s empowerment. The impact of microfinance on nutritional status is mixed, with no evidence of impact on micronutrient status. Across all three types of programs (cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs), very little evidence exists on pathways of impact, and evidence is often biased toward a particular region. The paper ends with a discussion of the findings and remaining evidence gaps and an outline of recommendations for research.

Women and Religion
Women and Religion

Author: Ruspini, Elisabetta

Publisher: Policy Press

Published: 2018-07-11

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 1447336372

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This edited collection provides interdisciplinary, global, and multi-religious perspectives on the relationship between women’s identities, religion, and social change in the contemporary world. The book discusses the experiences and positions of women, and particular groups of women, to understand patterns of religiosity and religious change. It also addresses the current and future challenges posed by women’s changes to religion in different parts of the world and among different religious traditions and practices. The contributors address a diverse range of themes and issues including the attitudes of different religions to gender equality; how women construct their identity through religious activity; whether women have opportunity to influence religious doctrine; and the impact of migration on the religious lives of both women and men.