This compilation presents mini-reviews derived from work presented at the Aegean Conference: "First Crossroads between Innate and Adaptive Immunity," which occurred in October, 2005 at the Hilton Conference Center on the island of Rhodes, Greece. The conference included sessions dedicated to host recognition of and response to pathogens, innate immune networks, antigen presentation, and adaptive immune responses, each headlined by a leading scientist.
There are more T cells in the gastrointestinal tract and lung than in the rest of the body combined. The aim of this book is to cover all the important aspects of the biology of these cells in animals and in man. Basic observations are described as well as disease states where aberrant activation of mucosal T cells causes tissue damage. The continuing discovery of features of mucosal T cells which make them different from T cells in the periphery is a consistent theme throughout the text. Topics discussed include new developments in understanding why the characteristic response of mucosal T cells to soluble antigens is tolerance, the role of the gut epithelium in intestinal immunity, the molecular basis by which T cells home to the gut mucosa, the functions of gammadelta T cells, the discovery of a new lymphoid organ - the cryptopatch - in the mouse gut, and the remarkable oligoclonality of the alphabeta and gammadelta T cells in the gut epithelium. In more disease-related sections, the way in which T cells play a role in asthma and protection from parasite infection, and how they cause inflammatory bowel disease in man and animals are described. Providing an excellent survey of the field, this book is a valuable resource for both basic scientists and clinicians interested in intestinal immunology and gastrointestinal disease.
Knowledge of veterinary anatomy and physiology is essential for veterinary professionals and researchers. The chapters reflect the diverse and dynamic research being undertaken in a variety of different species throughout the world. Whether the animals have roles in food security, agriculture, or as companion, wild, or working animals, the lessons we learn impact on many areas of the profession. This book highlights research ranging from the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, prostate and hoof, through to histopathology, imaging, and molecular techniques. It investigates both healthy and pathological conditions at differing stages of life. The importance of each cell and tissue through to the whole organism is explored alongside the methodologies used to understand these vital structures and functions.
Transcription depends on an ordered sequence of events, starting with (i) setting of the enhancer and chromatin environment, (ii) assembly of DNA binding and general transcription factors, (iii) initiation, elongation, processing of mRNA and termination, followed by (iv) creation of epigenetic marks and memory formation. Highlighting the importance of these activities, more than 10% total genes are dedicated to regulating transcriptional mechanisms. This area of research is highly active and new insights are continuously being added to our knowledge. Cells of the immune system have unique features of gene regulation to support diverse tasks required for innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity involves the recognition of external infectious and noxious agents as well as internal cancer cell components, and the elimination of these agents by non-specific mechanisms. Adaptive immunity involves gene rearrangement to achieve highly specific T and B cell responses, imparting the capability of self and non-self discrimination. This requires transcription and epigenetic regulation. Adaptive immunity also employs epigenetic memory, enabling recapitulation of prior transcription. Recent advances in nuclear architecture, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation have provided new insights into immune responses. The increased understanding of these molecular mechanisms is now affording opportunities to improve therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
In contrast to the substantial literature that focuses upon innate immune signaling in the gut, there is remarkably less known about the response of the airway to bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this book will be to review the current status of theunderstanding of the pathogenesis of acute bacterial pneumonia, slanted toward the mucosal immunology of these infections. It will describe, in general, the signaling cascades that control the proinflammatory response to bacterial infection in the lung. How innate immune signaling is orchestrated in response to specific common airway pathogens is addressed, targeting Staphylococus aureus (including MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. By describing the general immunological responses to conserved bacterial components and then detailing how specific organisms cause infection, this book provides a targeted but comprehensive review of this important topic.
Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Defining the field of immunology for 40 years, Paul’s Fundamental Immunology continues to provide detailed, authoritative, up-to-date information that uniquely bridges the gap between basic immunology and the disease process. The fully revised 8th edition maintains the excellence established by Dr. William E. Paul, who passed away in 2015, and is now under new editorial leadership of Drs. Martin F. Flajnik, Nevil J. Singh, and Steven M. Holland. It’s an ideal reference and gold standard text for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, basic and clinical immunologists, microbiologists and infectious disease physicians, and any physician treating diseases in which immunologic mechanisms play a role.
Fully rewritten and updated for the cutting-edge sixth edition, Spencer's Pathology of the Lung follows in its predecessors' footsteps as the gold-standard textbook of pulmonary diseases. All recognized diseases of the lungs are discussed and illustrated with extensive, high-quality color images. Each chapter includes practical, clear and concise diagnostic features, including immunohistochemistry, molecular tests and differential diagnoses, while rare entities are discussed and illustrated in detail. This thoroughly reworked edition includes new classification schemes and the latest understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular aspects of a wide range of diseases. Non-neoplastic diseases are presented according to epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, pathology, cytology, laboratory findings, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and natural history. Neoplasms are discussed according to cell or origin with sections devoted to genetics, molecular findings and clinicopathologic correlations. Downloadable versions of all images are available on a CD-ROM packaged with the print book. Written and edited by leading experts in the field, this is an essential resource for practising and trainee pathologists.
Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future. - Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
This book sheds new light on “inducible” lymphoid organs (ILOs): antigen presentation sites that are generated de novo in peripheral tissues under various pathogenic conditions. Accomplished immunologists demonstrate that the physiological role of these ILOs is completely different from that of central lymphoid organs, i.e., the lymph nodes or spleen. In addition to the central organs, the ILOs are considered essential structures for the efficient elicitation of adaptive immune responses in lesions. The respective chapters highlight examples from multiple sites, e.g. the skin, lung, intestinal tract, genital tract, the synovial membrane of the joints and artificial lymph nodes. Accordingly, readers will learn that ILO structure and function can vary substantially, depending on the context. Presenting the results of the latest immunological research, the book offers a fascinating and insightful read for both scientists and clinicians in the areas of infectious and immune-associated diseases.
