This book is addressed to researchers, practicing physicians, and surgeons in the field of organ transplantation, as well as the medical students, residents, and fellows. The topics covered include the religious concepts in organ transplantation, embryonic organ transplantation, tolerance, normothermic graft perfusion, pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressors, viral transmission in organ transplantation, pediatric and split-liver transplantation, portopulmonary hypertension, mechanical circulatory support, ex vivo lung perfusion, and ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.
Transplantation Immunology Edited by Fritz H. Bach, M.D., and Hugh Auchincloss, Jr., M.D. In recent years, transplantation immunology has evolved as a distinct field founded on the recognition that rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue is mediated by immune mechanisms in the host responding to antigens in the donor tissue. This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of current knowledge regarding the specific immune mechanisms which can cause recipients to reject clinical transplants. The text is divided into four sections: Major and Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Immunobiology of Graft Rejection, Clinical Transplantation, and Frontiers in Transplantation. The first two sections cover present-day understanding of the genetic controls of immunity as well as the two basic concerns of transplantation immunology, namely donor tissue antigens and the host cellular response. The third section deals with clinical aspects of transplantation, while the fourth looks toward future efforts of scientific research in this field—including advances in tolerance and xenotransplantation. A detailed appendix entitled "Molecular Biology for the Clinician" is included to help make the material accessible to readers of all backgrounds. Authored by a wide range of experts in both clinical and research fields, individual chapters cover such topics as: T cell immunity Antigen presentation Alloreactivity Pancreas and islet cell transplantation Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Models of tolerance induction Xenotransplantation The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex Transplantation Immunology is an ideal teaching text for the fundamental concepts, latest findings, and future directions in this increasingly important field. This volume will appeal to a wide range of clinicians including surgeons and primary-care physicians, as well as scientists in molecular biology and immunology.
Aimed at the trainee surgeon and experienced transplant surgeon, this compendium on split-liver grafting contains articles written by faculty members of the first International Course on Split-Liver Transplantation. It covers the main aspects of the field and is geared towards helping surgeons select the best surgical techniques as well as identifying the pitfalls. The text features detailed instructions on the various procedures as well as an overview of the area.
ABO incompatible kidney transplantation is indicated for patients for whom no ABO-identical or minor mismatch donor is available. Since the author and his colleagues performed the first ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation in Japan in 1989, 400 such transplantations have been performed in 41 hospitals in Japan and this practice has contributed to a number of new developments. One is a clearer and more suitable model for conceptualising the mechanism of humoral immune response which enables identification of antigens and antibodies and a therapeutic strategy against rejection. The rejection mechanisms are discussed not only from the perspective of immunology but also viewed from different angles, including anatomy, microscopic and macroscopic pathology, molecular biology and haematology. Immunosuppressive therapy is discussed, divided in four categories: extracorporeal immunomodulation with removal of humoral antibodies; drug therapy to suppress cellular immunity; splenectomy; and anticoagulation therapy. Surgical procedures for kidney transplantation and splenectomy are treated, including discussion of the best timing for the latter. The book gives an overview of the current status with statistics and results of questionnaires and ends with discussions of 17 case histories.
This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.
It is like a fairy story! Or at least a beautiful epic, a truly significant page in the history of medicine, a staggering scene in which several actors come into play, both fundamentalists and clinical practitioners, eager to place all these new developments at the disposal of those suffering from ill health. Everyone is passionate about their work, be it providing new knowledge or perfecting new therapeutic methods. Man has always been fascinated by the possibility of replacing a damaged organ with a healthy one. Several attempts have been made over the centuries, and some miracles have been reported, such as those of Saint Damien and Saint Come as illustrated by Fra Angelico. The modern saga, however, started more modestly on the mouse. It is on the mouse that the first tissue group was discovered; yet the study of human tissue groups could only be carried out on a human. One human must be subjected to the thousands of tests that have enabled us to unravel the extraordinary complexity of the HLA system.
‘Represents the culmination of an 18-month-long project that aims to be the definitive review of this important topic. Accompanied by a scholarly literature review, some new analysis, and a wealth of evidence and insight... the report is a tour de force; a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take stock.’ – Dr Steven Hill, Head of Policy, HEFCE, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog ‘A must-read if you are interested in having a deeper understanding of research culture, management issues and the range of information we have on this field. It should be disseminated and discussed within institutions, disciplines and other sites of research collaboration.’ – Dr Meera Sabaratnam, Lecturer in International Relations at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog Metrics evoke a mixed reaction from the research community. A commitment to using data and evidence to inform decisions makes many of us sympathetic, even enthusiastic, about the prospect of granular, real-time analysis of our own activities. Yet we only have to look around us at the blunt use of metrics to be reminded of the pitfalls. Metrics hold real power: they are constitutive of values, identities and livelihoods. How to exercise that power to positive ends is the focus of this book. Using extensive evidence-gathering, analysis and consultation, the authors take a thorough look at potential uses and limitations of research metrics and indicators. They explore the use of metrics across different disciplines, assess their potential contribution to the development of research excellence and impact and consider the changing ways in which universities are using quantitative indicators in their management systems. Finally, they consider the negative or unintended effects of metrics on various aspects of research culture. Including an updated introduction from James Wilsdon, the book proposes a framework for responsible metrics and makes a series of targeted recommendations to show how responsible metrics can be applied in research management, by funders, and in the next cycle of the Research Excellence Framework. The metric tide is certainly rising. Unlike King Canute, we have the agency and opportunity – and in this book, a serious body of evidence – to influence how it washes through higher education and research.
Fashion law encompasses a wide variety of issues that concern an article of clothing or a fashion accessory, starting from the moment they are designed and following them through distribution and marketing phases, all the way until they reach the end-user. Contract law, intellectual property, company law, tax law, international trade, and customs law are of fundamental importance in defining this new field of law that is gradually taking shape. This volume focuses on the new frontiers of fashion law, taking into account the various fields that have recently emerged as being of great interest for the entire fashion world: from sustainable fashion to wearable technologies, from new remedies to cultural appropriation to the regulation of model weight, from advertising law on the digital market to the impact of new technologies on product distribution. The purpose is to stimulate discussion on contemporary problems that have the potential to define new boundaries of fashion law, such as the impact of the heightened ethical sensitivity of consumers (who increasingly require effective solutions), that a comparative law perspective renders more interesting. The volume seeks to sketch out the new legal fields in which the fashion industry is getting involved, identifying the new boundaries of fashion law that existing literature has not dealt with in a comprehensive manner.
