From Autocracy to Communism

From Autocracy to Communism

Author: Michael Lynch

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780340965900

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Revised and updated for the 2008 OCR AS specification.


The Autocratic Middle Class

The Autocratic Middle Class

Author: Bryn Rosenfeld

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2020-12

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 0691192197

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"The conventional wisdom is that a growing middle class will give rise to democracy. Yet the middle classes of the developing world have grown at a remarkable pace over the past two decades, and much of this growth has taken place in countries that remain nondemocratic. Rosenfeld explains this phenomenon by showing how modern autocracies secure support from key middle-class constituencies. Drawing on original surveys, interviews, archival documents, and secondary sources collected from nine months in the field, she compares the experiences of recent post-communist countries, including Russia, the Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, to show that under autocracy, state efforts weaken support for democracy, especially among the middle class. When autocratic states engage extensively in their economies - by offering state employment, offering perks to those to those who are loyal, and threatening dismissal to those who are disloyal - the middle classes become dependent on the state for economic opportunities and career advancement, and, ultimately, do not support a shift toward democratization. Her argument explains why popular support for Ukraine's Orange Revolution unraveled or why Russians did not protest evidence of massive electoral fraud. The author's research questions the assumption that a rising share of educated, white-collar workers always makes the conditions for democracy more favorable, and why dependence on the state has such pernicious consequences for democratization"--


The Anatomy of Post-Communist Regimes

The Anatomy of Post-Communist Regimes

Author: Bálint Magyar

Publisher: Central European University Press

Published: 2021-02-20

Total Pages: 834

ISBN-13: 9633863708

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Offering a single, coherent framework of the political, economic, and social phenomena that characterize post-communist regimes, this is the most comprehensive work on the subject to date. Focusing on Central Europe, the post-Soviet countries and China, the study provides a systematic mapping of possible post-communist trajectories. At exploring the structural foundations of post-communist regime development, the work discusses the types of state, with an emphasis on informality and patronalism; the variety of actors in the political, economic, and communal spheres; the ways autocrats neutralize media, elections, etc. The analysis embraces the color revolutions of civil resistance (as in Georgia and in Ukraine) and the defensive mechanisms of democracy and autocracy; the evolution of corruption and the workings of “relational economy”; an analysis of China as “market-exploiting dictatorship”; the sociology of “clientage society”; and the instrumental use of ideology, with an emphasis on populism. Beyond a cataloguing of phenomena—actors, institutions, and dynamics of post-communist democracies, autocracies, and dictatorships—Magyar and Madlovics also conceptualize everything as building blocks to a larger, coherent structure: a new language for post-communist regimes. While being the most definitive book on the topic, the book is nevertheless written in an accessible style suitable for both beginners who wish to understand the logic of post-communism and scholars who are interested in original contributions to comparative regime theory. The book is equipped with QR codes that link to www.postcommunistregimes.com, which contains interactive, 3D supplementary material for teaching.


Assault on Democracy

Assault on Democracy

Author: Kurt Weyland

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-02-04

Total Pages: 399

ISBN-13: 1108844332

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Why did democratization suffer reversal during the interwar years, while fascism and authoritarianism spread across many European countries?


Post-Communist Mafia State

Post-Communist Mafia State

Author: B lint Magyar

Publisher: Central European University Press

Published: 2016-03-01

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 6155513546

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Having won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ


Access to History: From Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894-1941

Access to History: From Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894-1941

Author: Michael Lynch

Publisher: Hodder Education

Published: 2008-06-27

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1444150529

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The Access to History series is the most popular and trusted series for AS and A level history students. This title focuses on Russia in the period from 1894-1941. It begins with the situation in Russia under Tsar Nicholas II and then goes on to examine the causes and effects of the 1905 and 1917 revolutions, the Bolshevik struggle to gain power, and the eventual rise of Stalin. The political, economic and social developments through this period and the effects of these are explored and analysed throughout. Throughout the book, key dates, terms and issues are highlighted, and historical interpretations of key debates are outlined. Summary diagrams are included to consolidate knowledge and understanding of the period, and exam-style questions and tips written by an examiner for the OCR specification provide the opportunity to develop exam skills.


Building States and Markets After Communism

Building States and Markets After Communism

Author: Timothy Frye

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-06-07

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 0521734622

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This book examines how democracy influences state-building and market-building in 25 post-communist countries from 1990 to 2004.


It Was a Long Time Ago, and It Never Happened Anyway

It Was a Long Time Ago, and It Never Happened Anyway

Author: David Satter

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2011-12-13

Total Pages: 530

ISBN-13: 0300178425

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A veteran writer on Russia and the Soviet Union explains why Russia refuses to draw from the lessons of its past and what this portends for the future Russia today is haunted by deeds that have not been examined and words that have been left unsaid. A serious attempt to understand the meaning of the Communist experience has not been undertaken, and millions of victims of Soviet Communism are all but forgotten. In this book David Satter, a former Moscow correspondent and longtime writer on Russia and the Soviet Union, presents a striking new interpretation of Russia's great historical tragedy, locating its source in Russia's failure fully to appreciate the value of the individual in comparison with the objectives of the state. Satter explores the moral and spiritual crisis of Russian society. He shows how it is possible for a government to deny the inherent value of its citizens and for the population to agree, and why so many Russians actually mourn the passing of the Soviet regime that denied them fundamental rights. Through a wide-ranging consideration of attitudes toward the living and the dead, the past and the present, the state and the individual, Satter arrives at a distinctive and important new way of understanding the Russian experience.