Author: Rimvydas Skyrius

Publisher: Informing Science

Published:

Total Pages: 373

ISBN-13: 1681100169

The dynamic and turbulent second half of the 20th century, as well as the beginning of the 21st century, have been and still are accompanied by factors relating to information in one or other way: information technologies (IT), information systems (IS), information society, information economy and others. The technical foundation of these factors – the contemporary information technologies – became widely adopted, accessible to many users, and keep being perfected in terms of their functions and performance. IT developments have been followed by substantial value expectations that largely drive the IT industry as one of the most dynamic industries in the world. It is hard to underestimate the value created by IT applications, especially when an insightful use of IT has provided its users with opportunities that had been unheard of just a short time ago. On the other hand, the history of IT use brings out numerous cases that are not too successful, and from the time perspective, we can state that a wide application of IT does not automatically guarantee the creation of more value or efficient activities, regardless of proven potential. Apart from this, the role of IT in the life of contemporary society develops some controversial features: considering that information activities demand more and more time and attention that are rather scarce resources in the activities of a society member, the use of said resources is far from efficient. It has to be noted that this book discusses information needs and the role of information technologies in satisfying them. Although information issues are often discussed in relation to knowledge issues, and many sources point out that the two are closely related, this book does not discuss either the definition of knowledge or knowledge management, with the exception of several inevitable touch points. Business information activities and information functions often are considered secondary to the main activities, but actually they are a vital binding environment for any rational activities. Information has been important for all activities and at all times; nevertheless, its role received deeper and more focused research only with the proliferation of computer information technologies. The area of IT use and servicing of information needs is rather complicated and requires substantial knowledge and competence. The amount of experience accumulated in the field is huge; however, part of it has a short life cycle due to the rapid advance of information technologies. It is no easy task to search the kaleidoscopic variety of IT application problems for solid reference points that would hold over time. The monograph presents an assumption that the search for such reference points should start in the area of user information needs. The area of satisfying information needs, and business information needs in particular, has merited research interest for a long time and in many aspects. A number of important sub-areas has developed over time: management information systems, data and information management, information strategy, decision support, business intelligence, information economy, etc. It is worth noting that in the area of satisfying complex information needs, for some time principal attention has been given to the topics of decision support, decision modeling, and expert systems. Over time, other topics came in to replace them, namely, business intelligence, although it would be fair to note that current research in business intelligence and related fields largely owes to the previous foundation work of decision support researchers. Regardless of the vast number of research publications, the research space lacks work that is centered around an information user (a person, a group, an entire organization) and the projection of user information needs into the potential of information technologies and systems.