This text systematically examines the restructuring of China's foreign policy, from a single-dimensional anti-Soviet policy to an omnidirectional "independent foreign policy of peace" in the 1980s. An adaptive behaviour approach is used as the framework fo
This text systematically examines the restructuring of China's foreign policy, from a single-dimensional anti-Soviet policy to an omnidirectional "independent foreign policy of peace" in the 1980s. An adaptive behaviour approach is used as the framework fo
A long overdue contribution to the study of Cold War history and Chinese foreign policy, Contending with Contradictions provides an incisive interpretation of China's relations with Poland and its irreversible impact on the communist world. Mercy A. Kuo provides a unique contribution to the miniscule corpus of literature on the subject. Her approach is threefold: Kuo offers a comprehensive interpretation of the historical relevance of the PRC's policy towards Soviet Eastern Europe during this era; she sheds new light on the intentions of the Chinese Communist Party; and, finally, her research for the book was based on an archival approach, utilizing post-1989 declassified sources. Because this area of Cold War history has long been understudied--and certainly without the benefit of newly available archival materials--Kuo's study is the first of its kind.
After more than twenty years of economic and political reform, China is a vastly different country to that left by Mao. Almost all the characteristic policies and practices of the Maoist era have been abandoned, with the goals of revolution in foreign and domestic policy being replaced by an emphasis on economic modernization, accompanied by radical social transformation and an increasingly significant international role. Yet, despite these dramatic changes other fundamental features of China's policy remain unchanged. This book explores the strategies of reform in China and their implications for its domestic and foreign policies. It challenges the misconceptions that no political reforms are taking place and that China is eagerly embracing capitalism. It also challenges the view that China does not abide by international norms and practices on military and security matters. Its contributors, all highly respected scholars, avoid simple generalisations about the nature of China's politics or future path, instead offering comparisons and contrasts between policy areas and regions to create a more complete picture of this complex country.
Lantis examines continuity and change in German foreign policy in the decade since unification. Between 1949 and 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany pursued one of the most consistent foreign policy patterns of any Western power. Restrictions on an assertive German military posture became deeply rooted in the public psyche, in foreign policy tradition, and in the Basic Law. However, the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the unification of Germany have fundamentally changed the international and domestic parameters of German foreign policy. A review of contemporary developments shows that a dramatic evolution of German foreign policy is currently underway—from checkbook diplomacy in the Gulf War to the humanitarian relief mission in the Horn of Africa, and from Contact Group diplomacy to airstrikes in Kosovo. To explore this evolution of German foreign policy since unification, Lantis presents an innovative model of external-internal linkages derived from two important areas of scholarship on the role of international crises as catalysts for foreign policy change and the importance of domestic political conditions that ultimately determine the scope and pace of such change. Five original case studies place German political debates about how best to respond to challenges of the post-Cold War era in social and historical context by drawing on discursive analyses of government documents, parliamentary debates, and elite interviews. These cases illustrate the rise of a new consensus on the political left for engagement in global affairs, reinterpretations of historical lessons for contemporary German policy, and the constitutional challenges of global activism since unification. Of particular interest to scholars, students, and researchers involved with German politics, international security policy, and comparative foreign policy.
This is an indispensable aid for those studying or teaching the foreign policies of the contemporary Middle East. Not only are the elements of foreign policy discussed and presented as a whole region, but the editors provide the established analytical framework by which each contributor, in their individual chapters, has analyzed and evaluated the foreign policies of nine Arab countries. Their framework perceives foreign policy in the context of its environment : domestic, regional and global. This edition has new material reflecting the earth-shaking events at the end of the Cold War and the continuation of violence and terrorism.
This title describes the concept of adaptive policymaking and presents seven tools for developing such policies. Based on hundreds of interviews with people impacted by policy and research of over a dozen policy case studies, this book serves as a pragmatic guide for policymakers by elaborating on these seven tools.
Why would China jeopardize its relationship with the United States, the former Soviet Union, Vietnam, and much of Southeast Asia to sustain the Khmer Rouge and provide hundreds of millions of dollars to postwar Cambodia? Why would China invest so much in small states, such as those at the China-Africa Forum, that offer such small political, economic, and strategic return? Some scholars assume pragmatic or material concerns drive China's foreign policy, while others believe the government was once and still is guided by Marxist ideology. Conducting rare interviews with the actual policy makers involved in these decisions, Sophie Richardson locates the true principles driving China's foreign policy since 1954's Geneva Conference. Though they may not be "right" in a moral sense, China's ideals are based on a clear view of the world and the interaction of the people within it-a philosophy that, even in an era of unprecedented state power, remains tied to the origins of the PRC as an impoverished, undeveloped state. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty; nonaggression; noninterference; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence live at the heart of Chinese foreign policy and set the parameters for international action. In this model of state-to-state relations, the practices of extensive diplomatic communication, mutual benefit, and restraint in domestic affairs become crucial to achieving national security and global stability.
This book contends that sovereignty, and more directly the extent to which it creates walls between any given state and other actors in the international system, lies at the core of Chinas foreign relations during the reform era.