Fluid Phase Behavior for Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs delivers information on the role of PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) tests/data in various aspects, in particular reserve estimation, reservoir modeling, flow assurance, and enhanced oil recovery for both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. This must-have reference also prepares engineers on the importance of PVT tests, how to evaluate the data, develop an effective management plan for flow assurance, and gain perspective of flow characterization, with a particular focus on shale oil, shale gas, gas hydrates, and tight oil making. This book is a critical resource for today’s reservoir engineer, helping them effectively manage and maximize a company’s oil and gas reservoir assets. Provides tactics on reservoir phase behavior and dynamics with new information on shale oil and gas hydrates Helps readers Improve on the effect of salt concentration and application to C02-Acid Gas Disposal with content on water-hydrocarbon systems Provides practical experience with PVT and tuning of EOS with additional online excel spreadsheet examples
This book deals with complex fluid characterization of oil and gas reservoirs, emphasizing the importance of PVT parameters for practical application in reservoir simulation and management. It covers modeling of PVT parameters, QA/QC of PVT data from lab studies, EOS modeling, PVT simulation and compositional grading and variation. It describes generation of data for reservoir engineering calculations in view of limited and unreliable data and techniques like downhole fluid analysis and photophysics of reservoir fluids. It discusses behavior of unconventional reservoirs, particularly for difficult resources like shale gas, shale oil, coalbed methane, reservoirs, heavy and extra heavy oils.
Understanding the phase behavior of the various fluids present in a petroleum reservoir is essential for achieving optimal design and cost-effective operations in a petroleum processing plant. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in petroleum processing under challenging conditions, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introdu
This book on PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids is volume 47 in the Developments in Petroleum Science series. The chapters in the book are: Phase Behaviour Fundamentals, PVT Tests and Correlations, Phase Equilibria, Equations of State, Phase Behaviour Calculations, Fluid Characterisation, Gas Injection, Interfacial Tension, and Application in Reservoir Simulation.
Developed in conjunction with several oil companies using experimental data for real reservoir fluids, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introduces industry standard methods for modeling the phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids at different stages in the process. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book discusses sampling, characterization, compositional analyses, and equations of state used to simulate various pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) properties of reservoir fluids. Featuring new figures, references, and updates throughout, this Second Edition: Adds simulation results for PVT data obtained with the PC-SAFT equation Describes routine and EOR PVT experiments with enhanced procedural detail Expands coverage of sampling, compositional analyses, and measurement of PVT data Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids, Second Edition supplies a solid understanding of the phase behavior of the various fluids present in a petroleum reservoir, providing practical knowledge essential for achieving optimal design and cost-effective operations in a petroleum processing plant.
Shale gas and oil has been explored and developed in the recent years. Because of its complex pore structure and reservoir characteristics, fluid properties and mechanisms of fluid flow are always difficult but important topics which need to be recognized and described. It is known that properties of fluid in the shale reservoir will be affected by confined environment, and fluid flow in shale reservoir does not always follow Darcy's Law such as turbulent flow in the shale gas reservoir. Consequently, it is a significant study for calculating modified properties and describing fluid flow mechanisms within shale reservoirs. Flash calculation is the first step to characterize reservoir fluid properties because shale reservoir is a multi-phase fluid system. This study primarily considers reservoir as a two-phase system, which includes gas and liquid phases based on the prevailing composition of hydrocarbons in studied shale reservoir formation. Comparing with conventional phase behavior studies for bulk phase fluid, the confined flash calculation for shale reservoir fluids considers the shifts of critical properties of components and the impacts of capillary pressure. It determines the bubble-point pressure and dew point pressure of shale fluids at specific temperatures, composition of gas/liquid phases, and the amount of each phase at equilibrium. The obtained results are compared with those results generated by CMGTM Winprop module (Version 2019.10, Computer Modelling Group Limited, Canada) to verify the accuracy of program from the study. Additionally, with those calculated individual composition in each phase, the assessment of several important properties of fluid such as density, viscosity and compressibility of vapor/liquid phases are performed. Based on the calculated results, critical properties shift and capillary pressure prove to be two important aspects which do affect the flash calculations and physical properties determination. Therefore, they should be considered in flash calculation for shale reservoir fluid at confinement effects. In addition, a case study of transient fluid flow which is influenced by phase behavior and confined effects in the shale formation is developed and solved. Starting from general diffusivity equation, an expression of dimensionless bottomhole pressure of shale gas reservoir with dimensionless time in the scenario of infinite outer boundary and vertical well production is constructed and then solved eventually by using several mathematical approaches (Laplace transform, Fourier transform and Stehfest inversion). Furthermore, within the restricted space, fracture pressures and production rates are calculated in the different pore sizes. Through this study, at the confined space, effects of confinement (critical properties shift and capillary pressure) at the shale reservoir apparently influence flash calculation, phase equilibrium, bubble point and dew point pressures estimation, physical property evaluations of fluid and transient fluid flow analysis.
With the recent progress in technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, unconventional resource development has exploded in recent years. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain for shale reservoirs because of the extensive number of uncertainties. Without proper characterization processes, extracting economic values from these projects will be difficult, and optimizations for future plans will also be challenging. Therefore, efficient models in production mechanism, management and optimization have gradually become hot topics among the petroleum industry. This study aims to address various crucial challenges during the production process of shale reservoirs, including unconventional well gas oil ratio (GOR) characterization, choke management, and well spacing optimization. Due to the ultra-low permeability and porosity, the fluid phase behavior in shale reservoirs significantly differs from the conventional fluid behavior and increases the production forecasting complexity. A substantial effort to better understand the mechanism is to characterize the unconventional well GOR, which always plays as a critical indicator to help predict long-term oil/gas production trends and develop appropriate production strategies. In this research, GOR behavior was first evaluated by a set of comprehensive sensitivity studies in a tight oil well model, which helped to investigate the key drivers that can impact the GOR response in unconventional resources. Then, a parent-child well-set case in Eagle Ford was presented. Through detailed characterization of the producing GOR, an improved understanding of the parent-child well behavior and the fracture hit impact can be obtained. In order to improve the efficiency of field operation, seeking for proper operation plan has been the focusing topic among the oil and gas industry. Choke management strategy selection is one of the essential measures to regulate fluid flow and control downstream system pressure, which could significantly impact the well production rate and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). In this study, we utilized the non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) method to handle complicated fracture designs and predicted the long-term EUR from conservative to aggressive choke strategy. Meanwhile, a series of sensitivity studies were presented to evaluate the impacts of various factors on shale gas production, including fracture permeability modulus, fracture closure level, and natural fractures network. The model becomes a valuable stencil to design fracture closure and complex fracture networks, which is a significant improvement for a more reliable choke management model in unconventional area. Another crucial part for well performance improvement is well spacing optimization. Consistent estimates of well spacing help reduce the impact of complex uncertainties from unconventional reservoirs, thereby improving the EUR and enhancing economic growth. We demonstrated a case study on well spacing optimization in a shale gas reservoir located in the Sichuan Basin in China. By using the advanced EDFM technology, complex natural fractures can be effectively captured and simulated. In this study, five different well spacing scenarios ranging from 300 m to 500 m were simulated individually to find the optimum well spacing that maximizes the economic revenue. As the practicability and the convenience showed in this workflow, it becomes feasible to be utilized in any other shale gas well
This book deals with complex fluid characterization of oil and gas reservoirs, emphasizing the importance of PVT parameters for practical application in reservoir simulation and management. It covers modeling of PVT parameters, QA/QC of PVT data from lab studies, EOS modeling, PVT simulation and compositional grading and variation. It describes generation of data for reservoir engineering calculations in view of limited and unreliable data and techniques like downhole fluid analysis and photophysics of reservoir fluids. It discusses behavior of unconventional reservoirs, particularly for difficult resources like shale gas, shale oil, coalbed methane, reservoirs, heavy and extra heavy oils.
