This paper elaborates the introduction of surveillance that gave the IMF broader responsibilities with respect to oversight of its members’ policies than existed under the par value system. The IMF’s purview has been broadened under the new system but, by the same token, its members are no longer obliged to seek its concurrence in changes in exchange rates. The continuing volatility of exchange rates, and their prolonged divergence from levels that appear to be sustainable over time, have been matters of growing concern.
The analysis shows how financial development has occurred in two distinct phases. Initially, interest rates were regulated to remain below market levels, entry of new financial institutions was restricted, financial markets were segmented, and domestic finance was insulated from world financial markets. The second phase has seen a steady, if sometimes slow, removal of these restrictions.
The interest in improving Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) outcomes among stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance has become front and centre in the discussions relating to Islamic sustainable finance. This book offers an expansive overview of the relevant issues, global initiatives and trends in the management, governance, and operation of Islamic sustainable impact finance. It identifies the models and mechanisms required to achieve sustainable impact finance in the context of Islamic investment and project development and collects and observes the latest approaches in maintaining and fulfilling the principles of Shariah-compliance in Sustainable Development Goals and Environmental, Social and Governance-oriented projects. The book also explores conventional financing instruments, which are being used in modern practice. While Islamic sustainable finance provides a positive change in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally, implementing it is not without its challenges. Such challenges, such as the fulfilment of Shariah-compliance requirements, both legally and jurisprudentially, and the application and development of modern innovative products and hybrid models of classical products are highlighted and addressed in the book. The book delves into the current management practices of Islamic banking and finance, which promote Islamic sustainable impact finance and outlines strategies for meeting sustainable investments and projects. Other factors, such as the latest technology, regulations and social, political and economic policies are also considered. Evidence is provided via case studies from selected countries that participate actively in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally. The book will attract a wide audience from researchers, scholars, and students to stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance, regulators, policy makers and Shariah-compliant practitioners.
Errol D'Souza's Macroeconomics helps students realize the connections between theoretical frameworks and the actual behaviour of the economy; enables instructors to teach macroeconomics concepts within the context of both the Indian and global economy; and provides policymakers with material from current research in macroeconomics. The focus of the book rests on the analysis of macroeconomic thought in terms of the intuition and underlying logic that forms its basis. This book has been designed to help readers think independently about real-world situations, by helping them master the basic technical tools that enable them to do this. At a conceptual level, the book focuses on the most current and relevant issues, while also understanding the fluidity of the subject.
This original work combines technical analysis of the North-South, Third World debt crisis with a description of the political frameworks used to analyze this issue. . . . Business professionals who want a deeper understanding of the debt question, as well as scholars of international banking and economic development, can use this book as a roadmap toward understanding the assumptions behind debt analysis, as well as a way to frame more clearly the issues associated with efforts to resolve this lingering international economic problem. International Executive In this book, Dr. Bouchet, a leading economist and banker who has more than ten years' direct experience in the international lending process, cuts through the confusion that surrounds the subject. His clear and original analysis delineates the debt situation in terms of the behavior of the major participants, their conflicting motivations, and the external pressures and theoretical frameworks that determine their roles and actions. A wealth of previously unpublished data and the author's constructive synthesis of these disparate elements will enable professionals, scholars, and students to develop more realistic approaches to this intractable problem.
What is the City of London? The term is in everyday use but few are willing to define it. If pressed some will suggest that it means the entire UK financial sector while others point to a particular part of London - the Square Mile. Neither of these definitions is adequate because the City is both greater and less than either finance alone or a physical location. The author demonstrates that it is only by taking a detailed look at the City over the last 100 years that it can be understood.
Examines the role of infrastructure development and technical change in explaining increases in agricultural production and changes in land use in the Mekong Delta Region of Viet Nam during the mid-1990s. The transportation costs involved in moving agricultural input and output between farms and markets significantly effect farm land use and production decisions. Greater transport costs reduce the likelihood that farms adopt intensive cropping patterns or cultivate non-rice crops. Results suggest that the quality of local water management infrastructure is much more important than transport costs in explaining the increased intensity of land use and level of production observed in the Mekong Delta during the 1990s. Illustrations.
