Commercial Bank Lending and Third World Debt
Commercial Bank Lending and Third World Debt

Author: Graham Bird

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1989-06-18

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 1349108316

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Banks are an integral element of the Third World debt problems but their activities have received little direct analysis. This work investigates various aspects of commercial bank lending to developing countries, examining past behaviour and looking at the likely future evolution of bank lending.

Finance And Development
Finance And Development

Author: Michael DaCosta

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-03-04

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 0429696841

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Although commercial banks have played an increasingly important role in providing capital to developing nations, many analysts argue that private financing poses risks both to borrowing nations and the stability of the international economic system. In response, Mr. DaCosta demonstrates that developing nations that adopt appropriate policies can gain substantially by drawing on private sources of capital. His analysis indicates that many criticisms of the role of commercial banks are unfounded and that debt problems in LDCs typically are related to inadequate reserve and external debt management policies in the borrowing countries themselves. Emphasizing that economic growth in LDCs often is constrained by balance-of-payment deficits, Mr. DaCosta shows that nations relying on private capital frequently experience higher-than-average growth rates and argues that the advantages of unconditional or untied aid generally outweigh the constraints imposed by the multilateral aid agencies. In conclusion, he outlines specific policies developing nations can adopt to reduce financial risk and, turning to the needs of the poorest of the LDCs, examines a variety of proposals aimed at increasing the flow of concessional assistance to those countries that cannot qualify for commercial bank funds.

Beyond Syndicated Loans
Beyond Syndicated Loans

Author: John D. Shilling

Publisher:

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 142

ISBN-13:

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Developing countries normally have access to a variety of foreign credits suited to different needs. The three papers included in this report examine the characteristics of different major categories of credit markets -- short term trade credit, short-to-medium term project financing, and longer term bond financing -- and how countries can establish, or reestablish, their access to them. Trade credit usually quite short term and often self liquidating is frequently the last credit to be lost and the first to be restored. Project financing can be tailored to cover many risks -- at a cost -- and is available for countries with promising projects. There is a limited range of such projects, though the possibilities grow as economies become more stable. Access to bond markets requires a very high perception of creditworthiness and countries that have established sound economic policies and convinced lenders of the sustainability of these policies can begin to obtain this kind of financing. These papers go into these methods of financing in considerable detail, describe market structures and participants, and give examples of actual lending activities. They give ranges of costs of transactions and security requirements. Finally, they suggest strategies and actions countries can take to improve their access to these markets.

Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016
Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016

Author: The World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2015-08-31

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 1464804710

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Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016 focuses on the ability of financial systems to sustainably extend the maturity of financial contracts for private agents. The challenges of extending the maturity structure of finance are often considered to be at the core of effective, sustainable financial development. Sustainably extending long-term finance may contribute to the objectives of higher growth and welfare, shared prosperity and stability in two ways: by reducing rollover risks for borrowers, thereby lengthening the horizon of investments; and by increasing the availability of long-term financial instruments, thereby allowing households to address their lifecycle challenges. The aim of the report is to contribute to the global policy debate on long-term finance. It builds upon findings from recent and ongoing research, lessons from operational work, as well as on inputs from financial sector professionals and researchers both within and outside the World Bank Group. Benefitting from new worldwide datasets and information on financial development, it will provide a broad and balanced review of the evidence and distill pragmatic lessons on long-term finance and related policies. This report, the third in the Global Financial Development Report series, follows the second issue on Financial Inclusion and the inaugural issue, Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance. The Global Financial Development Report 2015/2016 will be accompanied by a website worldbank.org/financialdevelopment containing extensive datasets, research papers, and other background materials as well as interactive features.

Theoretical and Policy-Oriented Aspects of the External Debt Economics
Theoretical and Policy-Oriented Aspects of the External Debt Economics

Author: Chris Czerkawski

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 157

ISBN-13: 3642845495

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The past approach to the international debt crisis has been traditionally based on conventional banking principle in which debt had to be paid back in fuH and in time. International lending was a function of the perceived credit standing of debtor country and the return on investment (ROI). If debtor country run into difficulties and had problems with service payments - it was generally assumed that the debt-related expenditures were mismanaged. With economic stability and firm financial rules - the debt crisis was supposed to disappear after application of appropriate adjustment measures. However in the world of inconsistent lending criteria greater uncertainty and increased volatility of expectations - the problem has continued to get worse. At the beginning of the 1990s a number of countries are more indebted than at any other time in the past. Until mid 1980s extern al debt economics has been rather a disembodied concept for most economists and business leaders. The main reason for this neglect of one of the most important macroeconomic categories was difficulty of distinguishing terminologically and methodologically the domestic determinants of national expenditures from the external ones. Then there were conceptual problems in distinguishing the functional determinants of macroeconomic liquidity from external and domestic determinants of macro-economic solvency. Moreover many studies of the debt crisis were one-sided. Usually debt was seen as a 'white-black' phenomenon with debtor countries accusing creditor countries for causing the crisis and vice versa.