An Iranian in Nineteenth Century Europe

An Iranian in Nineteenth Century Europe

Author: Muḥammad ʻAlī Sayyāḥ

Publisher: Ibex Publishers, Inc.

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 0936347937

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After finishing his religious education and returning to his hometown of Muh�jir�n Haj Sayyah realises that his family has plans for him to marry his cousin. Partly wanderlust, and partly to escape this, he sets off for what would be an eighteen year trip through Europe, America and the Orient. Haj Sayyah's diaries are unique. He travels through practically every country in Europe, where he gives detailed reports. Later, in separate trips he also visits America and the Far East. He was astonished to see how much the European countries had progressed and concluded that education, to which European nations paid so much attention, was the basis for their advancement. In spite of his religious training, Sayy�h had a positive attitude towards modern European customs. He mingled with people from all social classes and developed a fair understanding of their ideas; he saw that they were free to openly criticise their governments and religious authorities. He visited museums, schools, libraries, churches, factories, parks, zoological and botanical gardens, even prisons, and met some of the famous personalities of the time such as King George of Greece, Czar Alexander II of Russia, and King Leopold I.


The Second War of Italian Unification 1859–61

The Second War of Italian Unification 1859–61

Author: Frederick C. Schneid

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2014-06-06

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 1472810376

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The culmination of decades of nationalist aspiration and cynical Realpolitik, the Second War of Italian Unification saw Italy transformed from a patchwork of minor states dominated by the Habsburg Austrians into a unified kingdom under the Piedmontese House of Savoy. Unlike many existing accounts, which approach the events of 1859–61 from a predominantly French perspective, this study draws upon a huge breadth of sources to examine the conflict as a critical event in Italian history. A concise explanation of the origins of the war is followed by a wide-ranging survey of the forces deployed and the nature and course of the fighting – on land and at sea – and the consequences for those involved are investigated. This is a groundbreaking study of a conflict that was of critical significance not only for Italian history but also for the development of 19th-century warfare.


The Invention of Terrorism in Europe, Russia, and the United States

The Invention of Terrorism in Europe, Russia, and the United States

Author: Carola Dietze

Publisher: Verso Books

Published: 2021-07-20

Total Pages: 657

ISBN-13: 1786637219

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Terrorism's roots in Western Europe and the USA This book examines key cases of terrorist violence to show that the invention of terrorism was linked to the birth of modernity in Europe, Russia and the United States, rather than to Tsarist despotism in 19th century Russia or to Islam sects in Medieval Persia. Combining a highly readable historical narrative with analysis of larger issues in social and political history, the author argues that the dissemination of news about terrorist violence was at the core of a strategy that aimed for political impact on rulers as well as the general public. Dietze's lucid account also reveals how the spread of knowledge about terrorist acts was, from the outset, a transatlantic process. Two incidents form the book's centerpiece. The first is the failed attempt to assassinate French Emperor Napoléon III by Felice Orsini in 1858, in an act intended to achieve Italian unity and democracy. The second case study offers a new reading of John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859, as a decisive moment in the abolitionist struggle and occurrences leading to the American Civil War. Three further examples from Germany, Russia, and the US are scrutinized to trace the development of the tactic by first imitators. With their acts of violence, the "invention" of terrorism was completed. Terrorism has existed as a tactic since then and has essentially only been adapted through the use of new technologies and methods.


The Second Empire and Its Downfall

The Second Empire and Its Downfall

Author: Napoleon III

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 9781410209115

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Louis Napoleon, the future Emperor Napoleon III, was fourteen years older than his first cousin Prince Napoleon. Notwithstanding this difference in age, an intimacy was established between them from an early date, and although at time a few clouds drifted over the atmosphere, nothing was ever to break the close connection binding them together. Their friendship, formed in a land of exile in which both passed their childhood and a portion of their youth, was proof against every trial, and endured up to the death of the Emperor.They were, however, very different in character, and in many points quite contrary to each other. In order to unfold the nature of this friendship, this work leaves aside official letters and keeps to those which reveal an intimate character. The reading of these letters, written with no eye to future publication, will assist the unprejudiced historian, more than anything else, to come to a true understanding of their real natures.


Political Repression in 19th Century Europe

Political Repression in 19th Century Europe

Author: Robert Justin Goldstein

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-06-17

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 113502670X

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Originally published in 1983. The nineteenth century was a time of great economic, social and political change. As Europe modernized, previously ignorant and apathetic elements in the population began to demand political freedoms. There was pressure also for a freer press, for the rights of assembly and association. The apprehension of the existing elites manifested itself in an intensification of often brutal form of political repression. The first part of this book summarizes on a pan-European basis, the major techniques of repression such as the denial of popular franchise and press censorship. This is followed by a chronological survey of these techniques from 1815 – 1914 in each European country. The book analyzes the long and short-term importance of these events for European historical development in the 19th and 20th centuries.