Ethic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars
Ethic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars

Author: Jose G. Montalvo

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 31

ISBN-13:

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The authors analyze the relationship between ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars. Several recent papers have argued that the uncertainty about the relative power of the contenders in a war will tend to increase its duration. In these models, uncertainty is directly related to the relative size of the contenders. The authors argue that the duration of civil wars increases the more polarized a society is. Uncertainty is not necessarily linked to the structure of the population but it could be traced back to the measurement of the size of the different groups in the society. Given a specific level of measurement error or uncertainty, more polarization implies lengthier wars. The empirical results show that ethnically polarized countries have to endure longer civil wars than ethnically less polarized societies.

On the Duration of Civil War
On the Duration of Civil War

Author: Paul Collier

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13:

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The duration of large-scale violent civil conflict increases substantially if the society is composed of a few large ethnic groups, if there is extensive forest cover, and if the conflict has commenced since 1980. None of these factors affect the initiation of conflict. And neither the duration nor the initiation of conflict is affected by initial inequality or political repression.

Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa
Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa

Author: Michael Bratton

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 9780521602914

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This book is a groundbreaking exploration of public opinion in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Afrobarometer, a survey research project, it reveals what ordinary Africans think about democracy and market reforms, subjects on which almost nothing is otherwise known. The authors find that support for democracy in Africa is wide but shallow and that Afrcns feel trapped between state and market. While Africans are learning about reform on the basis of knowledge, reasoning, and experience, few countries are likely to attain full-fledged democracies and markets anytime soonn.

Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa
Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa

Author: Daniel N. Posner

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2005-06-06

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 1316582973

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This book presents a theory to account for why and when politics revolves around one axis of social cleavage instead of another. It does so by examining the case of Zambia, where people identify themselves either as members of one of the country's seventy-three tribes or as members of one of its four principal language groups. The book accounts for the conditions under which Zambian political competition revolves around tribal differences and under which it revolves around language group differences. Drawing on a simple model of identity choice, it shows that the answer depends on whether the country operates under single-party or multi-party rule. During periods of single-party rule, tribal identities serve as the axis of electoral mobilization and self-identification; during periods of multi-party rule, broader language group identities play this role. The book thus demonstrates how formal institutional rules determine the kinds of social cleavages that matter in politics.

The Logic of Violence in Civil War
The Logic of Violence in Civil War

Author: Stathis N. Kalyvas

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006-05-01

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 113945692X

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By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.

Stopping the Killing
Stopping the Killing

Author: Roy Licklider

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 1995-03

Total Pages: 367

ISBN-13: 0814750974

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STOPPING THE KILLING travels from Latin America and the United States to Africa and the Middle East to grapple with the critical issue of civil wars and their powerful impact on the international scene.

Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War

Author: Lars-Erik Cederman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-08-26

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 1107017424

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This book argues that political and economic inequalities following group lines generate grievances that in turn can motivate civil war. Lars-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug offer a theoretical approach that highlights ethnonationalism and how the relationship between group identities and inequalities are fundamental for successful mobilization to resort to violence. Although previous research highlighted grievances as a key motivation for political violence, contemporary research on civil war has largely dismissed grievances as irrelevant, emphasizing instead the role of opportunities. This book shows that the alleged non-results for grievances in previous research stemmed primarily from atheoretical measures, typically based on individual data. The authors develop new indicators of political and economic exclusion at the group level, and show that these exert strong effects on the risk of civil war. They provide new analyses of the effects of transnational ethnic links and the duration of civil wars, and extended case discussions illustrating causal mechanisms.

Waves of War
Waves of War

Author: Andreas Wimmer

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 1107025559

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A new perspective on how the nation-state emerged and proliferated across the globe, accompanied by a wave of wars. Andreas Wimmer explores these historical developments using social science techniques of analysis and datasets that cover the entire modern world.

Colonial Institutions and Civil War
Colonial Institutions and Civil War

Author: Shivaji Mukherjee

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-06-03

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 1108844995

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Shows how colonial indirect rule and land tenure institutions create state weakness, ethnic inequality and insurgency in India, and around the world.

Ethnic Politics and State Power in Africa
Ethnic Politics and State Power in Africa

Author: Philip Roessler

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-12-15

Total Pages: 419

ISBN-13: 1107176077

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This book models the trade-off that rulers of weak, ethnically-divided states face between coups and civil war. Drawing evidence from extensive field research in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo combined with statistical analysis of most African countries, it develops a framework to understand the causes of state failure.