Artificial Nucleases
Artificial Nucleases

Author: Marina A. Zenkova

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-01-07

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 9783540201120

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The development of agents capable of cleaving RNA and DNA has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the last few years, because of the immediate and very important applications they can find in the emerging fields of biotechnology and pharmacology. There are essentially two classes of these agents - nucleases that occur naturally inside cells and synthetically produced artificial nucleases. The first class includes protein enzyme nucle ases and catalytic RNA structured ribozymes that perform cleavage of the phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids according to a hydrolytic pathway in the course of different biochemical processes in the cell. A different pathway is used by some antibiotics which cleave DNA via redox-based mechanisms resulting in oxidative damage of nucleotide units and breakage of the DNA backbone. The above molecules are indispensable tools for manipulating nucleic acids and processing RNA; DNA-cleaving antibiotics and cytotoxic ribonucleases have demonstrated utility as chemotherapeutic agents. The second class, artificial nucleases, are rationally designed to imitate the active centers of natural enzymes by simple structures possessing minimal sets of the most important characteristics that are essential for catalysis. A dif ferent approach, in vitro selection, was also used to create artificial RNA and DNA enzymes capable of cleaving RNA. Being less efficient and specific as compared to the natural enzymes, the primitive mimics are smaller and robust and can function in a broad range of conditions.

Ribonucleases, Part A: Functional Roles and Mechanisms of Action
Ribonucleases, Part A: Functional Roles and Mechanisms of Action

Author:

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2001-09-26

Total Pages: 771

ISBN-13: 0080496911

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This first of two volumes provides up-to-date, methods-related information on ribonuclease functions, assays, and applications. Chapter topics include the identification of, characterization of, and assays for secreted ribonucleases; viral ribonucleases, artificial and engineered ribonucleases, and ribozymes.The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, Revised Edition
Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, Revised Edition

Author: Richard B. Silverman

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2002-03-07

Total Pages: 736

ISBN-13: 0080513360

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The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions is not a book on enzymes, but rather a book on the general mechanisms involved in chemical reactions involving enzymes. An enzyme is a protein molecule in a plant or animal that causes specific reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. This is a revised edition of a very successful book, which appeals to both academic and industrial markets. - Illustrates the organic mechanism associated with each enzyme-catalyzed reaction - Makes the connection between organic reaction mechanisms and enzyme mechanisms - Compiles the latest information about molecular mechanisms of enzyme reactions - Accompanied by clearly drawn structures, schemes, and figures - Includes an extensive bibliography on enzyme mechanisms covering the last 30 years - Explains how enzymes can accelerate the rates of chemical reactions with high specificity - Provides approaches to the design of inhibitors of enzyme-catalyzed reactions - Categorizes the cofactors that are appropriate for catalyzing different classes of reactions - Shows how chemical enzyme models are used for mechanistic studies - Describes catalytic antibody design and mechanism - Includes problem sets and solutions for each chapter - Written in an informal and didactic style

The Exocrine Pancreas
The Exocrine Pancreas

Author: Stephen Pandol

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 66

ISBN-13: 1615041389

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The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.

Fundamentals of Enzyme Engineering
Fundamentals of Enzyme Engineering

Author: Young Je Yoo

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-01-12

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 9402410260

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This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of enzyme engineering, from fundamental principles through to the state-of-the-art in research and industrial applications. It begins with a brief history, describing the milestones of advancement in enzyme science and technology, before going on to cover the fundamentals of enzyme chemistry, the biosynthesis of enzymes and their production. Enzyme stability and the reaction kinetics during enzymatic reactions are presented to show how enzymes function during catalysis and the factors that affect their activity. Methods to improve enzyme performance are also presented, such as cofactor regeneration and enzyme immobilization. The book emphasizes and elaborates on the performance and characteristics of enzymes at the molecular level. Finally, the book presents recent advances in enzyme engineering and some key industrial application of enzymes addressing the present needs of society. This book presents essential information not only for undergraduate and graduate students, but also for researchers in academia and industry, providing a valuable reference for the development of commercial applications of enzyme technology.

Ribozymes
Ribozymes

Author: Sabine Müller

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-07-09

Total Pages: 81

ISBN-13: 3527814531

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Ribozymes Provides comprehensive coverage of a core field in the molecular biosciences, bringing together decades of knowledge from the world’s top professionals in the field Timely and unique in its breadth of content, this all-encompassing and authoritative reference on ribozymes documents the great diversity of nucleic acid-based catalysis. It integrates the knowledge gained over the past 35 years in the field and features contributions from virtually every leading expert on the subject. Ribozymes is organized into six major parts. It starts by describing general principles and strategies of nucleic acid catalysis. It then introduces naturally occurring ribozymes and includes the search for new catalytic motifs or novel genomic locations of known motifs. Next, it covers the development and design of engineered ribozymes, before moving on to DNAzymes as a close relative of ribozymes. The next part examines the use of ribozymes for medicinal and environmental diagnostics, as well as for therapeutic tools. It finishes with a look at the tools and methods in ribozyme research, including the techniques and assays for structural and functional characterization of nucleic acid catalysts. The first reference to tie together all aspects of the multi-faceted field of ribozymes Features more than 30 comprehensive chapters in two volumes Covers the chemical principles of RNA catalysis; naturally occurring ribozymes, engineered ribozymes; DNAzymes; ribozymes as tools in diagnostics and therapy, and tools and methods to study ribozymes Includes first-hand accounts of concepts, techniques, and applications by a team of top international experts from leading academic institutions Dedicates half of its content to methods and practical applications, ranging from bioanalytical tools to medical diagnostics to therapeutics Ribozymes is an unmatched resource for all biochemists, biotechnologists, molecular biologists, and bioengineers interested in the topic.