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Author: Ary Lans Bovenberg
Publisher:
Published: 1996
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper integrates both the efficiency and intergenerational distributional aspects of environmental taxes by not only exploring the efficiency case for environmental taxes but also investigating the intergenerational implications of environmental tax reform.
Author: Miria A. Pigato
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2018-12-31
Total Pages: 240
ISBN-13: 9781464813580
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Author: Paul Ekins
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA comprehensive analysis of an environmental tax reform where people are taxed on pollution and the use of natural resources instead of on their income, this book looks at the challenges involved in implementing this tax reform across Europe.
Author: Michio Morishima
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1994-03-25
Total Pages: 228
ISBN-13: 9780521466387
DOWNLOAD EBOOKContemporary general equilibrium theory is characteristically short-run, separated from monetary aspects of the economy, and as such does not deal with long-run problems such as capital accumulation, innovation, and the historical movement of the economy. These phenomena are discussed by growth theory, which assumes a given or shifting production function, and in turn cannot therefore deal with the fundamental problem of growth, namely how the production function is derived. Thus traditional theories have a common weakness in that they divorce real economic growth from the activities of the financial sector. This book provides a much-needed synthesis of growth theory and monetary theory. Professor Morishima draws on the work of Schumpeter, Keynes and the pre-war neoclassical economists to formulate a capital-theoretic general equilibrium theory.
Author: Khaled Abdel-Kader
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Published: 2020-12-04
Total Pages: 38
ISBN-13: 9781513561561
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper discusses the theory and practice of tax design to achieve an efficient and equitable outcome, i.e. in support of inclusive growth. It starts with a discussion of the key principles from tax theory to guide practical tax design. Then, it elaborates on more granular tax policy, discussing key choices in the structure of the personal income tax on labor and capital income, taxes on wealth, the corporate income tax, and consumption taxes. The paper concludes by highlighting the political economy considerations of the issues with concrete recommedtions as to how to implement tax reform.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2017-04-27
Total Pages: 583
ISBN-13: 0309452961
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Richard P. Hiskes
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 183
ISBN-13: 0521873959
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book presents an argument for establishing environmental human rights as the legitimate possession of both present and future generations. It uses these rights - to clean air, water, and soil - to make an argument for justice across generations, that is, for recognizing the obligation that present generations have to preserve the environment and natural resources for future generations.
Author: Mr.Parthasarathi Shome
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1995-04-25
Total Pages: 336
ISBN-13: 9781557754905
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEdited by Parthasarathi Shome, this Handbook was written primarily for economists who are responsible for analyzing and evaluating economic policies of developing countries at an applied level, and who would benefit from a comprehensive discussion of the concepts, principles, and prevailing issues of taxation.
Author: Paul R. Portney
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-10-18
Total Pages: 262
ISBN-13: 1135892016
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe full effects of decisions made today about many environmental policies -including climate change and nuclear waste- will not be felt for many years. For issues with long-term ramifications, analysts often employ discount rates to compare present and future costs and benefits. This is reasonable, and discounting has become a procedure that raises few objections. But are the methods appropriate for measuring costs and benefits for decisions that will have impacts 20 to 30 years from now the right ones to employ for a future that lies 200 to 300 years in the future? This landmark book argues that methods reasonable for measuring gains and losses for a generation into the future may not be appropriate when applied to a longer span of time. Paul Portney and John Weyant have assembled some of the world's foremost economists to reconsider the purpose, ethical implications, and application of discounting in light of recent research and current policy concerns. These experts note reasons why conventional calculations involved in discounting are undermined when considering costs and benefits in the distant future, including uncertainty about the values and preferences of future generations, and uncertainties about available technologies. Rather than simply disassemble current methodologies, the contributors examine innovations that will make discounting a more compelling tool for policy choices that influence the distant future. They discuss the combination of a high shout-term with a low long-term diescount rate, explore discounting according to more than one set of anticipated preferences for the future, and outline alternatives involving simultaneous consideration of valuation, discounting and political acceptability.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2015-10-20
Total Pages: 118
ISBN-13: 9264238786
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis report reviews trends and progress on climate change mitigation policies in 34 OECD countries and 10 partner economies (Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, India, Latvia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and South Africa), as well as in the European Union.
