Entities and Indices
Entities and Indices

Author: M.J. Cresswell

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 940092139X

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In ordinary discourse we appear to ta1k about many things that have seemed mysterious to philosophers. We say that there has been a hitch in our arrangements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is not immediately obvious when we must take such ta1k as really assuming that there are such to develop tests for things, and one of the tasks in this book is discerning what has eome to be called ontological commitment, in naturallanguage. Among the entities that natural language appears to make reference to are those connected with temporal and modal discourse, times, possibilities, and so on. Such entities play a crueial role in the kind of semantieal theories that I and others have defended over many years. These theories are based on the idea that an essential part of the meaning of a sentence is constituted by the conditions under whieh that sentenee is true. To know what a sentence says is to know what the world would have to be !ike for that sentence to be true.

Lucene in Action
Lucene in Action

Author: Otis Gospodnetic

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2010-07-08

Total Pages: 742

ISBN-13: 1638354731

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When Lucene first hit the scene five years ago, it was nothing short ofamazing. By using this open-source, highly scalable, super-fast search engine,developers could integrate search into applications quickly and efficiently.A lot has changed since then-search has grown from a "nice-to-have" featureinto an indispensable part of most enterprise applications. Lucene now powerssearch in diverse companies including Akamai, Netflix, LinkedIn,Technorati, HotJobs, Epiphany, FedEx, Mayo Clinic, MIT, New ScientistMagazine, and many others. Some things remain the same, though. Lucene still delivers high-performancesearch features in a disarmingly easy-to-use API. Due to its vibrant and diverseopen-source community of developers and users, Lucene is relentlessly improving,with evolutions to APIs, significant new features such as payloads, and ahuge increase (as much as 8x) in indexing speed with Lucene 2.3. And with clear writing, reusable examples, and unmatched advice on bestpractices, Lucene in Action, Second Edition is still the definitive guide todeveloping with Lucene. Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning. Also available is all code from the book.

Cell-to-Cell Mapping
Cell-to-Cell Mapping

Author: C.S. Hsu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 1475738927

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For many years, I have been interested in global analysis of nonlinear systems. The original interest stemmed from the study of snap-through stability and jump phenomena in structures. For systems of this kind, where there exist multiple stable equilibrium states or periodic motions, it is important to examine the domains of attraction of these responses in the state space. It was through work in this direction that the cell-to-cell mapping methods were introduced. These methods have received considerable development in the last few years, and have also been applied to some concrete problems. The results look very encouraging and promising. However, up to now, the effort of developing these methods has been by a very small number of people. There was, therefore, a suggestion that the published material, scattered now in various journal articles, could perhaps be pulled together into book form, thus making it more readily available to the general audience in the field of nonlinear oscillations and nonlinear dynamical systems. Conceivably, this might facilitate getting more people interested in working on this topic. On the other hand, there is always a question as to whether a topic (a) holds enough promise for the future, and (b) has gained enough maturity to be put into book form. With regard to (a), only the future will tell. With regard to (b), I believe that, from the point of view of both foundation and methodology, the methods are far from mature.

The Human Capital Index 2020 Update
The Human Capital Index 2020 Update

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2021-05-05

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 1464816476

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Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—is a central driver of sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and successful societies. More human capital is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. Much of the hard-won human capital gains in many economies over the past decade is at risk of being eroded by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Urgent action is needed to protect these advances, particularly among the poor and vulnerable. Designing the needed interventions, targeting them to achieve the highest effectiveness, and navigating difficult trade-offs make investing in better measurement of human capital now more important than ever. The Human Capital Index (HCI)—launched in 2018 as part of the Human Capital Project—is an international metric that benchmarks the key components of human capital across economies. The HCI is a global effort to accelerate progress toward a world where all children can achieve their full potential. Measuring the human capital that children born today can expect to attain by their 18th birthdays, the HCI highlights how current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of workers and underscores the importance of government and societal investments in human capital. The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19 presents the first update of the HCI, using health and education data available as of March 2020. It documents new evidence on trends, examples of successes, and analytical work on the utilization of human capital. The new data—collected before the global onset of COVID-19—can act as a baseline to track its effects on health and education outcomes. The report highlights how better measurement is essential for policy makers to design effective interventions and target support. In the immediate term, investments in better measurement and data use will guide pandemic containment strategies and support for those who are most affected. In the medium term, better curation and use of administrative, survey, and identification data can guide policy choices in an environment of limited fiscal space and competing priorities. In the longer term, the hope is that economies will be able to do more than simply recover lost ground. Ambitious, evidence-driven policy measures in health, education, and social protection can pave the way for today’s children to surpass the human capital achievements and quality of life of the generations that preceded them.

Works as Entities for Information Retrieval
Works as Entities for Information Retrieval

Author: Richard Smiraglia

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-11-12

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1136410430

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Examine domain-specific research about works and the problems inherent in their storage and retrieval! This book addresses the issue of focusing on known-item identification and retrieval vs. collocation and retrieval of works in the construction of catalogs. Works as Entities for Information Retrieval reports significant research on the role of works as key entities for information retrieval, focusing on the importance of works in information-need and the importance of recognizing and using the work entity in the construction of bibliographic databases, Internet search engines, etc. This single source brings together librarians and scholars from around the world—the United States, Denmark, Canada, Australia, and India—to examine the most recent research on works and on systems to facilitate their retrieval. They share their expertise on essential aspects of works cataloging, including: record clustering for works of fiction ways to define and categorize video works conceptualizing the bibliographic record as text the semiotics of scientific works performed works and AACR2R ways to catalog scientific models cataloging digitized rare books and electronic texts cataloging cartographic materials as works—with three fascinating case studies and more! Works as Entities for Information Retrieval will bring you up to date on essential aspects of works-related cataloging, including analyzing networks of related works; canonicity and the rate of evolution of works; epistemology and taxonomy; user-stipulated interaction with catalog displays of works; searcher-defined attributes of bibliographic works; works in relation to digital resources; and domain-specific analyses of video, scientific, cartographic, performance, theological, and digital works. Make it a part of your professional collection today!

CFA Program Curriculum 2017 Level II, Volumes 1 - 6
CFA Program Curriculum 2017 Level II, Volumes 1 - 6

Author: CFA Institute

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-08-01

Total Pages: 5753

ISBN-13: 1119315735

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Master the practical aspects of the CFA Program Curriculum with expert instruction for the 2017 exam The same official curricula that CFA Program candidates receive with program registration is now publicly available for purchase. CFA Program Curriculum 2017 Level II, Volumes 1-6 provides the complete Level II Curriculum for the 2017 exam, with practical instruction on the Candidate Body of Knowledge (CBOK) and how it is applied, including expert guidance on incorporating concepts into practice. Level II focuses on complex analysis with an emphasis on asset valuation, and is designed to help you use investment concepts appropriately in situations analysts commonly face. Coverage includes ethical and professional standards, quantitative analysis, economics, financial reporting and analysis, corporate finance, equities, fixed income, derivatives, alternative investments, and portfolio management organized into individual study sessions with clearly defined Learning Outcome Statements. Charts, graphs, figures, diagrams, and financial statements illustrate complex concepts to facilitate retention, and practice questions with answers allow you to gauge your understanding while reinforcing important concepts. While Level I introduced you to basic foundational investment skills, Level II requires more complex techniques and a strong grasp of valuation methods. This set dives deep into practical application, explaining complex topics to help you understand and retain critical concepts and processes. Incorporate analysis skills into case evaluations Master complex calculations and quantitative techniques Understand the international standards used for valuation and analysis Gauge your skills and understanding against each Learning Outcome Statement CFA Institute promotes the highest standards of ethics, education, and professional excellence among investment professionals. The CFA Program Curriculum guides you through the breadth of knowledge required to uphold these standards. The three levels of the program build on each other. Level I provides foundational knowledge and teaches the use of investment tools; Level II focuses on application of concepts and analysis, particularly in the valuation of assets; and Level III builds toward synthesis across topics with an emphasis on portfolio management.

Pricing and Risk Management of Synthetic CDOs
Pricing and Risk Management of Synthetic CDOs

Author: Anna Schlösser

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-02-04

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 3642156096

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This book considers the one-factor copula model for credit portfolios that are used for pricing synthetic CDO structures as well as for risk management and measurement applications involving the generation of scenarios for the complete universe of risk factors and the inclusion of CDO structures in a portfolio context. For this objective, it is especially important to have a computationally fast model that can also be used in a scenario simulation framework. The well known Gaussian copula model is extended in various ways in order to improve its drawbacks of correlation smile and time inconsistency. Also the application of the large homogeneous cell assumption, that allows to differentiate between rating classes, makes the model convenient and powerful for practical applications. The Crash-NIG extension introduces an important regime-switching feature allowing the possibility of a market crash that is characterized by a high-correlation regime.

Entity-Oriented Search
Entity-Oriented Search

Author: Krisztian Balog

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-10-02

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 3319939351

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This open access book covers all facets of entity-oriented search—where “search” can be interpreted in the broadest sense of information access—from a unified point of view, and provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the state of the art. It represents the first synthesis of research in this broad and rapidly developing area. Selected topics are discussed in-depth, the goal being to establish fundamental techniques and methods as a basis for future research and development. Additional topics are treated at a survey level only, containing numerous pointers to the relevant literature. A roadmap for future research, based on open issues and challenges identified along the way, rounds out the book. The book is divided into three main parts, sandwiched between introductory and concluding chapters. The first two chapters introduce readers to the basic concepts, provide an overview of entity-oriented search tasks, and present the various types and sources of data that will be used throughout the book. Part I deals with the core task of entity ranking: given a textual query, possibly enriched with additional elements or structural hints, return a ranked list of entities. This core task is examined in a number of different variants, using both structured and unstructured data collections, and numerous query formulations. In turn, Part II is devoted to the role of entities in bridging unstructured and structured data. Part III explores how entities can enable search engines to understand the concepts, meaning, and intent behind the query that the user enters into the search box, and how they can provide rich and focused responses (as opposed to merely a list of documents)—a process known as semantic search. The final chapter concludes the book by discussing the limitations of current approaches, and suggesting directions for future research. Researchers and graduate students are the primary target audience of this book. A general background in information retrieval is sufficient to follow the material, including an understanding of basic probability and statistics concepts as well as a basic knowledge of machine learning concepts and supervised learning algorithms.

Identity of Long-tail Entities in Text
Identity of Long-tail Entities in Text

Author: F. Ilievski

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 2019-11-29

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 1643680439

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The digital era has generated a huge amount of data on the identities (profiles) of people, organizations and other entities in a digital format, largely consisting of textual documents such as news articles, encyclopedias, personal websites, books, and social media. Identity has thus been transformed from a philosophical to a societal issue, one requiring robust computational tools to determine entity identity in text. Computational systems developed to establish identity in text often struggle with long-tail cases. This book investigates how Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for establishing the identity of long-tail entities – which are all infrequent in communication, hardly represented in knowledge bases, and potentially very ambiguous – can be improved through the use of background knowledge. Topics covered include: distinguishing tail entities from head entities; assessing whether current evaluation datasets and metrics are representative for long-tail cases; improving evaluation of long-tail cases; accessing and enriching knowledge on long-tail entities in the Linked Open Data cloud; and investigating the added value of background knowledge (“profiling”) models for establishing the identity of NIL entities. Providing novel insights into an under-explored and difficult NLP challenge, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field of entity identification in text.

Types
Types

Author: Eddy M. Zemach

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 9789004095007

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This book is based on two new nominalistic theses: first, that material things (houses, cats, people, symphonies, and also hair, milk, red, and love) are recurrent types, and second, that things are ontologically incomplete. Using these ideas, simple solutions are offered to a plethora of questions in ontology, philosophy of mind, and aesthetics.