Presents the proceedings of the March 1996 hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, House of Representatives, on the U.S. embargo on Cuba and its enforcement. Witnesses include: Michael Ranneberger, Coordinator, Office of Cuban Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State; R. Richard Newcomb, Director, Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Dept. of Treasury; and Mark M. Richard, Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, U.S. Dept. of Justice. Additional material submitted for the record includes restrictions on travel to Cuba, articles, and advertisements.
The 48-year U.S. embargo on Cuba aims to deny resources to the Castro regime by prohibiting most trade, travel, and financial transactions with Cuba. The Depts. of Commerce, Homeland Security, Justice, and the Treasury are responsible for enforcing the embargo as well as protecting homeland and national security. Since 2001, U.S. agencies have changed the embargo¿s rules in response to new laws and policies. This report examines: (1) the rule changes in 2001-2005 and their impact on U.S. exports, travel, cash transfers, and gifts to Cuba; (2) U.S. agencies¿ embargo-related activities and workloads; and (3) factors affecting the embargo¿s enforcement. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables.
Restrictions on travel to Cuba have often been a contentious component in U.S. efforts to isolate Cuba¿s communist gov¿t. since the early 1960s. Under the George W. Bush Admin., restrictions on travel and on private remittances to Cuba were tightened. Under the Obama Admin., Congress took action in 2009 to ease some travel restrictions (TR) to Cuba. Contents of this report: Developments in 2010; Background to TR; Current Permissible Travel to Cuba; Current Restrictions on Remittances; Enforcement of Cuba TR; Arguments for Lifting Cuba TR; Arguments for Maintaining Cuba TR; Legislative Initiatives in the 111th Cong.; Legislative Initiatives on U.S. Travel to Cuba: From the 106th to the 110th Cong. This is a print on demand report.
This is the first book that explores whether there are any rules in international law applicable to unilateral sanctions and if so, what they are. The book examines both the lawfulness of unilateral sanctions and the limitations within which they should operate. In doing so, it includes an analysis of State practice, the provisions of various international legal instruments dealing with such sanctions and their impact on other areas of international law such as freedom of navigation, aviation and transit, and the principles of international trade, investment, regional economic integration, and the protection of human rights and the environment. This study finds that unilateral sanctions by a state or a group of states against another state as opposed to 'smart' or targeted sanctions of limited scope would be unlawful, unless they meet the procedural and substantive requirements stipulated in international law. Importantly, the book identifies and consolidates these requirements scattered in different areas of international law, including the additional rules of customary international law that have emerged out of the recent practice of States and that increase the limitations on the use of unilateral sanctions.
The book examines U.S.-Cuba relations within the framework of the United States long-standing policy agenda of promoting a democratic transition in Cuba. The study builds a theoretical framework which is used to analyze the assumptions underlying the U.S. strategy and presents a rich empirical analysis that gives insight into the failure of U.S. policy to produce neither the collapse of the Cuban regime nor a transition to democracy.