Empirical Studies in Machine Psychology

Empirical Studies in Machine Psychology

Author: Robert Johansson

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2024-10-09

Total Pages: 201

ISBN-13: 9179295061

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This thesis presents Machine Psychology as an interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates learning psychology principles with an adaptive computer system for the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By synthesizing behavioral psychology with a formal intelligence model, the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS), this work explores the potential of operant conditioning paradigms to advance AGI research. The thesis begins by introducing the conceptual foundations of Machine Psychology, detailing its alignment with the theoretical constructs of learning psychology and the formalism of NARS. It then progresses through a series of empirical studies designed to systematically investigate the emergence of increasingly complex cognitive behaviors as NARS interacts with its environment. Initially, operant conditioning is established as a foundational principle for developing adaptive behavior with NARS. Subsequent chapters explore increasingly sophisticated cognitive capabilities, all studied with NARS using experimental paradigms from operant learning psychology: Generalized identity matching, Functional equivalence, and Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding. Throughout this research, Machine Psychology is demonstrated to be a promising framework for guiding AGI research, allowing both the manipulation of environmental contingencies and the system’s intrinsic logical processes. The thesis contributes to AGI research by showing how using operant psychological paradigms with NARS can enable cognitive abilities similar to human cognition. These findings set the stage for AGI systems that learn and adapt more like humans, potentially advancing the creation of more general and flexible AI. Denna avhandling introducerar Maskinpsykologi som ett tvärvetenskapligt område där principer från inlärningspsykologi integreras med ett adaptivt datorsystem. Genom att kombinera forskning från beteendepsykologi med en formell modell för intelligens (Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System; NARS), undersöker avhandlingen hur operant betingning kan användas för att driva utvecklingen av Artificiell General Intelligens (AGI) framåt. Avhandlingen börjar med att förklara grunderna i Maskinpsykologi och hur dessa relaterar till både inlärningspsykologi och NARS. Därefter presenteras en serie experiment som systematiskt undersöker hur allt mer komplexa kognitiva beteenden kan uppstå när NARS interagerar med sin omgivning. Till att börja med etableras operant betingning som en central metod för att utveckla adaptiva beteenden med NARS. I de följande kapitlen utforskas hur NARS, genom experiment inspirerade av operant inlärningspsykologi, kan utveckla mer avancerade kognitiva förmågor som till exempel generaliserad identitetsmatchning, funktionell ekvivalens och så kallade arbiträrt applicerbara relationsresponser. Denna forskning visar att Maskinpsykologi är ett lovande verktyg för att vägleda AGI-forskning, eftersom det möjliggör att både påverka omgivningsfaktorer och styra systemets interna logiska processer. Avhandlingen bidrar till AGI-forskning genom att visa hur operanta psykologiska metoder, tillämpade på NARS, kan möjliggöra kognitiva förmågor som liknar mänskligt tänkande. Dessa insikter öppnar nya möjligheter för att utveckla AI-system som kan lära sig och anpassa sig på ett mer mänskligt sätt, vilket kan leda till skapandet av mer generell och flexibel AI.


Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Author: Hugo Jair Escalante

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-11-29

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 3319981315

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning. Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning machines to the next step to include them in decision support systems involving human supervision. This book, written by leading international researchers, addresses key topics of explainability and interpretability, including the following: · Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning · Explanation Methods in Deep Learning · Learning Functional Causal Models with Generative Neural Networks · Learning Interpreatable Rules for Multi-Label Classification · Structuring Neural Networks for More Explainable Predictions · Generating Post Hoc Rationales of Deep Visual Classification Decisions · Ensembling Visual Explanations · Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention · Interdisciplinary Perspective on Algorithmic Job Candidate Search · Multimodal Personality Trait Analysis for Explainable Modeling of Job Interview Decisions · Inherent Explainability Pattern Theory-based Video Event Interpretations


Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion: L-Z

Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion: L-Z

Author: David Adams Leeming

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-10-26

Total Pages: 1023

ISBN-13: 038771801X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Integrating psychology and religion, this unique encyclopedia offers a rich contribution to the development of human self-understanding. It provides an intellectually rigorous collection of psychological interpretations of the stories, rituals, motifs, symbols, doctrines, dogmas, and experiences of the world’s religious traditions. Easy-to-read, the encyclopedia draws from forty different religions, including modern world religions and older religious movements. It is of particular interest to researchers and professionals in psychology and religion.


Anarchy, State, and Utopia

Anarchy, State, and Utopia

Author: Robert Nozick

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1974

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 063119780X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Robert Nozicka s Anarchy, State, and Utopia is a powerful, philosophical challenge to the most widely held political and social positions of our age ---- liberal, socialist and conservative.


The Psychology of Expertise

The Psychology of Expertise

Author: Robert R. Hoffman

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2014-02-25

Total Pages: 410

ISBN-13: 1317779541

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume investigates our ability to capture, and then apply, expertise. In recent years, expertise has come to be regarded as an increasingly valuable and surprisingly elusive resource. Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have themselves become the objects of empirical inquiry, in which their knowledge is elicited and studied -- by knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists, applied psychologists, or other experts -- involved in the development of expert systems. This book achieves a marriage between experimentalists, applied scientists, and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It envisions the benefits to society of an advanced technology for capturing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book should be of interest to psychologists as well as to knowledge engineers who are "out in the trenches" developing expert systems, and anyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be elicited and studied scientifically. The book's scope and the pivotal concepts that it elucidates and appraises, as well as the extensive categorized bibliographies it includes, make this volume a landmark in the field of expert systems and AI as well as the field of applied experimental psychology.


Key Thinkers in Psychology

Key Thinkers in Psychology

Author: Rom Harre

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 9781412903448

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The author presents an accessible textbook combining the personal history of the major protagonists of the last century organised by 'schools of thought', with their significant contributions to the discipline.


Harnessing Artificial Emotional Intelligence for Improved Human-Computer Interactions

Harnessing Artificial Emotional Intelligence for Improved Human-Computer Interactions

Author: Kumar, Nitendra

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2024-06-06

Total Pages: 317

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Industry 5.0 is poised to redefine the collaboration between humans and machines, marking a crucial moment in technological evolution. However, as we stand at the threshold of this transformative era, a critical challenge emerges – the integration of emotional intelligence into the industrial landscape. Organizations grapple with the urgent need to understand, strategize, and ethically deploy artificial emotional intelligence (AEI) in Industry 5.0. This pivotal juncture calls for a comprehensive resource that explores the theoretical foundations but offers practical insights into the applications, challenges, and responsible deployment of AEI. The absence of a cohesive guide addressing the intricacies of AEI in Industry 5.0 leaves a void in academic scholarship. Organizations, researchers, and policymakers lack a singular, authoritative source to navigate the complexities of emotional intelligence integration, impacting Industry 5.0 strategies, sustainability plans, and customer services. The challenge lies in managing the delicate balance between human and machine collaboration while ensuring ethical considerations are at the forefront of AI deployment. As the demand for emotional intelligence in the industrial landscape intensifies, the need for a unifying resource becomes increasingly apparent.


Understanding Machine Learning

Understanding Machine Learning

Author: Shai Shalev-Shwartz

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-05-19

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 1107057132

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Introduces machine learning and its algorithmic paradigms, explaining the principles behind automated learning approaches and the considerations underlying their usage.


A Systemic-Structural Theory of Activity

A Systemic-Structural Theory of Activity

Author: Gregory Bedny

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-07-27

Total Pages: 543

ISBN-13: 1420009745

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The last several decades have demonstrated dramatic technological changes that influence work conditions in all applied domains, including manufacturing, transportation, and human-computer interactions. These changes require new approaches to the study of human performance. Activity theory, in particular has become increasingly popular with those w


Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics

Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics

Author: Don Harris

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 516

ISBN-13: 1351568205

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This is the fifth edited volume of refereed contributions, from an international group of researchers and specialists. Volumes Five and Six comprise the edited proceedings of the third international conference on Engineering Psychology Cognitive Ergonomics, organized by Cranfield College of Aeronautics, Edinburgh, Scotland in October 2000. Volume Five concentrates on applications in the areas of transportation, medical ergonomics and training. Topics addressed include: the design of control and display systems; human perception, error, reliability, information processing, and performance modelling; mental workload; stress; automation; situation awareness; skill acquisition and retention; techniques for evaluating human-machine systems and the physiological correlates of performance. Both volumes will be useful to applied and occupational psychologists, instructors, instructional developers, equipment and system designers, researchers, government regulatory personnel, human resource managers and selection specialists; also to senior pilots, air traffic control and aviation and ground transportation operations management.