Modern Theories of Organic Chemistry

Modern Theories of Organic Chemistry

Author: H. B. Watson

Publisher: READ BOOKS

Published: 2007-03

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 9781406738483

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PREFACE. THE Author of this very practical treatise on Scotch Loch - Fishing desires clearly that it may be of use to all who had it. He does not pretend to have written anything new, but to have attempted to put what he has to say in as readable a form as possible. Everything in the way of the history and habits of fish has been studiously avoided, and technicalities have been used as sparingly as possible. The writing of this book has afforded him pleasure in his leisure moments, and that pleasure would be much increased if he knew that the perusal of it would create any bond of sympathy between himself and the angling community in general. This section is interleaved with blank shects for the readers notes. The Author need hardly say that any suggestions addressed to the case of the publishers, will meet with consideration in a future edition. We do not pretend to write or enlarge upon a new subject. Much has been said and written-and well said and written too on the art of fishing but loch-fishing has been rather looked upon as a second-rate performance, and to dispel this idea is one of the objects for which this present treatise has been written. Far be it from us to say anything against fishing, lawfully practised in any form but many pent up in our large towns will bear us out when me say that, on the whole, a days loch-fishing is the most convenient. One great matter is, that the loch-fisher is depend- ent on nothing but enough wind to curl the water, -and on a large loch it is very seldom that a dead calm prevails all day, -and can make his arrangements for a day, weeks beforehand whereas the stream- fisher is dependent for a good take on the state of the water and however pleasant and easy it may be for one living near the banks of a good trout stream or river, it is quite another matter to arrange for a days river-fishing, if one is looking forward to a holiday at a date some weeks ahead. Providence may favour the expectant angler with a good day, and the water in order but experience has taught most of us that the good days are in the minority, and that, as is the case with our rapid running streams, -such as many of our northern streams are, -the water is either too large or too small, unless, as previously remarked, you live near at hand, and can catch it at its best. A common belief in regard to loch-fishing is, that the tyro and the experienced angler have nearly the same chance in fishing, -the one from the stern and the other from the bow of the same boat. Of all the absurd beliefs as to loch-fishing, this is one of the most absurd. Try it. Give the tyro either end of the boat he likes give him a cast of ally flies he may fancy, or even a cast similar to those which a crack may be using and if he catches one for every three the other has, he may consider himself very lucky. Of course there are lochs where the fish are not abundant, and a beginner may come across as many as an older fisher but we speak of lochs where there are fish to be caught, and where each has a fair chance. Again, it is said that the boatman has as much to do with catching trout in a loch as the angler. Well, we dont deny that. In an untried loch it is necessary to have the guidance of a good boatman but the same argument holds good as to stream-fishing...


Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century

Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century

Author: Carsten Reinhardt

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-09-26

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 3527612742

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Chemistry in the last century was characterized by spectacular growth and advances, stimulated by revolutionary theories and experimental breakthroughs. Yet, despite this rapid development, the history of this scientific discipline has achieved only recently the status necessary to understand the effects of chemistry on the scientific and technological culture of the modern world. This book addresses the bridging of boundaries between chemistry and the other "classical" disciplines of science, physics and biology as well as the connections of chemistry to mathematics and technology. Chemical research is represented as an interconnected patchwork of scientific specialties, and this is shown by a mixture of case studies and broader overviews on the history of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, nuclear- and cosmochemistry, solid state chemistry, and biotechnology. All of these fields were at the center of the development of twentieth century chemistry, and the authors cover crucial topics such as the emergence of new subdisciplines and research fields, the science-technology relationship, and national styles of scientific work. This monograph represents a unique treasure trove for general historians and historians of science, while also appealing to those interested in the theoretical background and development of modern chemistry.


Chemical History

Chemical History

Author: Gerrylyn K Roberts

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2007-10-31

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1847552633

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This book provides an historical overview of the recent developments in the history of diverse fields within chemistry. It follows on from Recent Developments in the History of Chemistry, a volume published in 1985. Covering chiefly the last 20 years, the primary aim of Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is to familiarise newcomers to the history of chemistry with some of the more important developments in the field. Starting with a general introduction and look at the early history of chemistry, subsequent chapters go on to investigate the traditional areas of chemistry (physical, organic, inorganic) alongside analytical chemistry, physical organic chemistry, medical chemistry and biochemistry, and instruments and apparatus. Topics such as industrial chemistry and chemistry in national contexts, whilst not featuring as separate chapters, are woven throughout the content. Each chapter is written by experts and is extensively referenced to the international chemical literature. Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is also ideal for chemists who wish to become familiar with historical aspects of their work. In addition, it will appeal to a wider audience interested in the history of chemistry, as it draws together historical materials that are widely scattered throughout the chemical literature.


Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Author: Pierre Vogel

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-10-07

Total Pages: 1386

ISBN-13: 3527345329

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Provides the background, tools, and models required to understand organic synthesis and plan chemical reactions more efficiently Knowledge of physical chemistry is essential for achieving successful chemical reactions in organic chemistry. Chemists must be competent in a range of areas to understand organic synthesis. Organic Chemistry provides the methods, models, and tools necessary to fully comprehend organic reactions. Written by two internationally recognized experts in the field, this much-needed textbook fills a gap in current literature on physical organic chemistry. Rigorous yet straightforward chapters first examine chemical equilibria, thermodynamics, reaction rates and mechanisms, and molecular orbital theory, providing readers with a strong foundation in physical organic chemistry. Subsequent chapters demonstrate various reactions involving organic, organometallic, and biochemical reactants and catalysts. Throughout the text, numerous questions and exercises, over 800 in total, help readers strengthen their comprehension of the subject and highlight key points of learning. The companion Organic Chemistry Workbook contains complete references and answers to every question in this text. A much-needed resource for students and working chemists alike, this text: -Presents models that establish if a reaction is possible, estimate how long it will take, and determine its properties -Describes reactions with broad practical value in synthesis and biology, such as C-C-coupling reactions, pericyclic reactions, and catalytic reactions -Enables readers to plan chemical reactions more efficiently -Features clear illustrations, figures, and tables -With a Foreword by Nobel Prize Laureate Robert H. Grubbs Organic Chemistry: Theory, Reactivity, and Mechanisms in Modern Synthesis is an ideal textbook for students and instructors of chemistry, and a valuable work of reference for organic chemists, physical chemists, and chemical engineers.


Theory of Orientation and Stereoselection

Theory of Orientation and Stereoselection

Author: K. Fukui

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13: 3642619177

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Many organic chemists will agree with me that the old "electronic theory" has for a long time been inadequate for the interpretation of various new findings in chemistry, particularly for those of reactivity. Considering the outstanding progress which has been made during the past 20 years in the interpretation of these facts, aided by the molecular orbital theory, the time has finally come for a new book showing what is within and what is beyond the reach of quantum-chemical methods. It was therefore highly suitable that Dr. F. L. Boschke of the Springer Verlag suggested to me to make a contribution to a volume in the series "Topics in Current Chemistry" in February 1969. The article was published as Vol. 15, No 1 in June 1970. This new book is an expanded version of the article written in 1970. In this present volume several of the most up-to-date findings which have been gained in organic chemistry since then have been added. It is highly probable that a certain "theoretical" design in the experimenta lists' mind may have been the reason for these developments, whether they themselves are aware of it or not. Theory produces new experimental ideas and conversely, a host of experimental data add another vista to new theories. Due to the mutual beneficial effect of theory and experiment this book will always retain its value, although the quantum-chemical approach to the theory of reactivity is, of course, still in the develop mental stage.


Electronic Charges of Bonds in Organic Compounds

Electronic Charges of Bonds in Organic Compounds

Author: G. V. Bykov

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2016-07-04

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 148314951X

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Electronic Charges of Bonds in Organic Compounds discusses trends in the electronic theory of structure and reactivity of organic compounds. This book focuses on simple and diverse methods that calculate the electronic charges of bonds from the results of physical methods of investigation. This text is divided into 10 chapters. In Chapter I, brief information is provided about the work of other research workers on the electronic charges of bonds and organic compounds. Chapters II to VI elaborate on the relationship of the electronic charges of bonds to the physical and physicochemical characteristics of molecules and their structural elements. The relationship between the electronic charges of bonds and chemical properties are explained in Chapters VII to X. This publication provides a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on electronic charges of bonds and reactivity of organic compounds.


Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry

Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry

Author: Arvi Rauk

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2004-04-07

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 0471461849

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A practical introduction to orbital interaction theory and its applications in modern organic chemistry Orbital interaction theory is a conceptual construct that lies at the very heart of modern organic chemistry. Comprising a comprehensive set of principles for explaining chemical reactivity, orbital interaction theory originates in a rigorous theory of electronic structure that also provides the basis for the powerful computational models and techniques with which chemists seek to describe and exploit the structures and thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of molecules. Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition introduces students to the fascinating world of organic chemistry at the mechanistic level with a thoroughly self-contained, well-integrated exposition of orbital interaction theory and its applications in modern organic chemistry. Professor Rauk reviews the concepts of symmetry and orbital theory, and explains reactivity in common functional groups and reactive intermediates in terms of orbital interaction theory. Aided by numerous examples and worked problems, he guides readers through basic chemistry concepts, such as acid and base strength, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, and thermal stability (in terms of orbital interactions), and describes various computational models for describing those interactions. Updated and expanded, this latest edition of Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry includes a completely new chapter on organometallics, increased coverage of density functional theory, many new application examples, and worked problems. The text is complemented by an interactive computer program that displays orbitals graphically and is available through a link to a Web site. Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition is an excellent text for advanced-level undergraduate and graduate students in organic chemistry. It is also a valuable working resource for professional chemists seeking guidance on interpreting the quantitative data produced by modern computational chemists.