Electrical communication between redox centers of glucose oxidase and vitreous carbon electrodes is established through binding to oligosaccharides, at the periphery of the enzyme, ferrocene functions pendant on flexible chains. Communication is effective when the chains are long (>10 bonds), but when the chains are short (
Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) are innovative and sustainable devices. They combine biological and electrochemical processes to engineer sensors, treat wastewater and/or produce electricity, fuel or high-value chemicals. In BESs, scientists have managed to incorporate biological catalysts, i.e. enzymes and/or microorganisms, and make them work in advanced electrochemical cells. BESs operate under mild conditions — at close to ambient temperature and pressure and at circumneutral pH — and represent a sustainable alternative to precious metal-based systems. Incorporating biological catalysts into devices while maintaining their activity and achieving electrical communication with electrode surfaces is a critical challenge when trying to advance the field of BESs.From implantable enzymatic biosensors to microbial electrosynthesis, and from laboratory-scale systems and fundamental studies to marketed devices, this book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances related to functional electrodes for BESs. Suitable for researchers and graduate students of chemistry, biochemistry, materials science and environmental science and technology.
Bioelectrochemistry: Fundamentals, Experimental Techniques and Application, covers the fundamental aspects of the chemistry, physics and biology which underlie this subject area. It describes some of the different experimental techniques that can be used to study bioelectrochemical problems and it describes various applications of biolelectrochemisty including amperometric biosensors, immunoassays, electrochemistry of DNA, biofuel cells, whole cell biosensors, in vivo applications and bioelectrosynthesis. By bringing together these different aspects, this work provides a unique source of information in this area, approaching the subject from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint.
The book Smart Sensors and MEMS provides an unique collection of contributions on latest achievements in sensors area and technologies that have made by eleven internationally recognized leading experts from Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Israel, Portugal, Switzerland, Ukraine and USA during the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) in Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, from 8 to 19 September 2003. The aims of this volume are to disseminate wider and in-depth theoretical and practical knowledge about smart sensors and its applications, to create a clear consciousness about the effectiveness of MEMS technologies, advanced signal processing and conversion methods, to stimulate the theoretical and applied research in these areas, and promote the practical using of these techniques in the industry. With that in mind, a broad range of physical, chemical and biosensors design principles, technologies and applications were included in the book. It is a first attempt to describe in the same book different physical, chemical, biological sensors and MEMS technologies suitable for smart sensors creation. The book presents the state-of-the-art and gives an excellent opportunity to provide a systematic, in-depth treatment of the new and rapidly developing field of smart sensors and MEMS. The volume is an excellent guide for practicing engineers, researchers and students interested in this crucial aspect of actual smart sensor design.
This book presents a collection of chapters on modern bioelectrochemistry, showing different aspects of materials and electrode processes. The chapters cover biomimetics, bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale biodevices manufacturing, organic semiconductors for biorecognition, biofunctionalization, conducting polymers, carbon-based materials and 3D printed bioelectrochemical devices. They provide relevant bibliographic information for researchers and students interested in biomimetics applied in electrochemistry with impact in bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale deposition techniques applied to biodevices manufacturing and organic semiconductors as support material for electrochemical biorecognition. This book also presents insights on advantages and properties of biofunctionalization, conducting polymers with carbon-based materials in biosensors applications and progress on 3D printed electrochemical devices for sensing and biosensing of biomarkers.
How fast and powerful can computers become? Will it be possible someday to create artificial brains that have intellectual capabilities comparable to those of human beings? The answers to these questions depend to a very great extent on a single factor: how small and dense we can make computer circuits. Very recently, scientists have achieved revolutionary advances that may very well radically change the future of computing. There are significant advantages to using biological molecules in a new computational paradigm, since nature has solved similar problems to those encountered in harnessing organic molecules to perform data manipulation. Biomolecules could be used as photonic devices in holography, as spatial light modulators, in neural network optical computing, as nonlinear optical devices, and as optical memories. Such computers may use a billion times less energy than electronic computers, while storing data in a trillionth of the space, while also being highly parallel. Research projects implemented by national and international groups have produced a large amount of data from multidisciplinary work, ranging from physics and engineering to chemistry and biology.
"Offers background information, methods of characterization, and applications for electrical and optical polymers, including biopolymers, and tutorial sections that explain how to use the techniques."
This volume represents the fIrst of a series of proceedings of the EL.B.A. Forum on Bioelectronics, a scientifIc discipline at the frontiers of Advanced Electronics and Biotechnology. The name for these forums derives not only from the place (the Isle of Elba in Italy), where the conferences have been held every 6 months since 1991, but also from an acronym: Electronics and Biotechnology Advanced. Bioelectronics is intended as "the use of biological materials and biological architectures for information processing and sensing systems and devices down to molecular level" and focuses its attention on three major areas: I New hardware architectures borrowed from the thorough study of brain and sensory systems down to the molecular level, utilizing existing semiconductor inorganic materials (both GaAs and Si) and giga-scale integration; II Protein Engineering, especially of systems involved in electron transfer and molecular recognition, integrated with Metabolism and Chemical Engineering, to develop new biomaterials by learning basic rules of macromolecular folding and self-assembly; m Sensors, thin film and electronic devices utilizing organic compounds and biopolymers, and by implementing nanotechnology bottom up through manufacturing and characterization at the atomic level.
