Whenever a wave encounters an obstacle a number of processes occur. For large objects we envisage reflection and transmission with refraction and, in ·many cases, absorption. These phenomena can be described with the aid of ray tracing or geometrical optics, but they do not completely describe the interaction. Diffraction also occurs, and this can only be described by the properties of waves, wave optics. When the object is less than or of the order of the wavelength these processes cannot be so simply understood. The whole interaction is governed by wave optics, and the interactions are lumped together under the heading 'scattering'. Associated with the above there may be changes in frequency of the wave. This may arise due to the Doppler effect if the obstacle is moving or changing in time in any way. Also there can be changes in the energy of the object which must be matched by the wave, such as, for example, in the Raman effect.
This self-contained book gives fundamental knowledge about scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves and fills the gap between general electromagnetic theory courses and collections of engineering formulas. The book is a tutorial for advanced students learning the mathematics and physics of electromagnetic scattering and curious to know how engineering concepts and techniques relate to the foundations of electromagnetics
Electromagnetic Scattering is a collection of studies that aims to discuss methods, state of the art, applications, and future research in electromagnetic scattering. The book covers topics related to the subject, which includes low-frequency electromagnetic scattering; the uniform asymptomatic theory of electromagnetic edge diffraction; analyses of problems involving high frequency diffraction and imperfect half planes; and multiple scattering of waves by periodic and random distribution. Also covered in this book are topics such as theories of scattering from wire grid and mesh structures; the electromagnetic inverse problem; computational methods for transmission of waves; and developments in the use of complex singularities in the electromagnetic theory. Engineers and physicists who are interested in the study, developments, and applications of electromagnetic scattering will find the text informative and helpful.
This self-contained book gives fundamental knowledge about scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves and fills the gap between general electromagnetic theory courses and collections of engineering formulas. The book is a tutorial for advanced students learning the mathematics and physics of electromagnetic scattering and curious to know how engineering concepts and techniques relate to the foundations of electromagnetics
The Scattering of Light and other Electromagnetic Radiation covers the theory of electromagnetic scattering and its practical applications to light scattering. This book is divided into 10 chapters that particularly present examples of practical applications to light scattering from colloidal and macromolecular systems. The opening chapters survey the physical concept of electromagnetic waves and optics. The subsequent chapters deal with the theory of scattering by spheres and infinitely long cylinders. These topics are followed by discussions on the application of light scattering to the determination of the size distribution of colloidal particles. The last chapters are devoted to the Rayleigh-Debye scattering and the scattering by liquids, as well as the concept of anisotropy. These chapters also describe the effect upon light scattering of partial orientation of anisotropic particles in electrical and magnetic fields and in viscous flow. This book is of value to physical chemists and physical chemistry researchers, teachers, and students.
A timely and authoritative guide to the state of the art of wave scattering Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves offers in three volumes a complete and up-to-date treatment of wave scattering by random discrete scatterers and rough surfaces. Written by leading scientists who have made important contributions to wave scattering over three decades, this new work explains the principles, methods, and applications of this rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary field. It covers both introductory and advanced material and provides students and researchers in remote sensing as well as imaging, optics, and electromagnetic theory with a one-stop reference to a wealth of current research results. Plus, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves contains detailed discussions of both analytical and numerical methods, including cutting-edge techniques for the recovery of earth/land parametric information. The three volumes are entitled respectively Theories and Applications, Numerical Simulation, and Advanced Topics. In the first volume, Theories and Applications, Leung Tsang (University of Washington) Jin Au Kong (MIT), and Kung-Hau Ding (Air Force Research Lab) cover: * Basic theory of electromagnetic scattering * Fundamentals of random scattering * Characteristics of discrete scatterers and rough surfaces * Scattering and emission by layered media * Single scattering and applications * Radiative transfer theory and solution techniques * One-dimensional random rough surface scattering
One of the most methodical treatments of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering—including new applications and ideas Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves—including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications. Written by a world renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel’s equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics: Statistical wave theories—which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio–medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.
With the advent of the comparatively new disciplines of remote sensing and non-destructive evaluation of materials, the topic of inverse scattering has broadened from its origins in elementary particle physics to encompass a diversity of applications. One such area which is of increasing importance in inverse scattering within the context of electromagnetism and this text aims to serve as an introduction to that particular speciality. The subject's development has progressed at the hands of engineers, mathematicians and physicists alike, with an inevitable disparity of emphasis and notation. One of the main objectives of this text is to distill the essence of the subject and to present it in the form of a graduated and coherent development of ideas and techniques. The text provides a physical approach to inverse scattering solutions, emphasizing the applied aspects rather than the mathematical rigour. The authors' teaching and research backgrounds in physics, electrical engineering and applied mathematics enable them to explore and stress the cross disciplinary nature of the subject. This treatment will be of use to anyone embarking on a theoretical or practical study of inverse electromagnetic scattering.
Advances in space-borne remote sensing have significantly changed the mankind viewpoint how to observe our own Earth planet. Great amount of remote sensing data and images presents new resources to quantitatively describe and monitor our Earth environment, atmosphere, oceanic and land surfaces. In remote sensing, electromagnetic (EM) scattering, emission and wave propagation, as interaction with the Earth environment, lay the physical basis for understanding and extracting geoscientific information. Study of electromagnetic waves with remote sensing application has become an active and interdisciplinary area. This book presents some new progress on the theoretical and numerical approaches for information retrieval of the remote sensing via EM scattering and emission. We begin in Chapter 1 with the vector radiative transfer (VRT) theory for inhomogeneous scatter media. The VRT takes account of multiple scattering, emission and propagation of random scatter media, and quantitatively leads to insights of elucidating and understanding EM wave-terrain surface interaction. Meanwhile, it is extensively applicable to carrying out data interpretation and validation, and to solving the inverse problem, e.g. iteratively, physically or statistically. In Chapter 1, iterative solutions of multiple scattering and emission from inhomogeneous dense scatter media, and inhomogeneous non-spherical scatter media are discussed. Three-dimensional VRT equation (3D-VRT) for spatially inhomogeneous random scatter media for high resolution observation is also investigated. The polarimetric imagery of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is one of most important advances in space-borne microwave remote sensing during recent decades.
