Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring
Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring

Author: Jose Gardner

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Fetal programming is a relatively new and quickly growing field of research in the livestock industry. The concept of fetal programming is simply defined as the effects a change in maternal nutritional intake has on offspring, whether it be a genetic or physical change. The intention of this study was to specifically look at the effects of nutrient restriction of cows during the second trimester of gestation on the growth and performance of the resulting calves. In this study, thirty-two cows of predominantly angus influence from the Utah state university herd were chosen, naturally bred to a pure bred angus sire, and then allocated into two treatments: maintenance and restricted. These groups were treated uniformly for first and third trimesters of gestation, while in the second trimester, they were managed in a way that the maintenance group maintained a greater level of body condition and weight compared with the restricted group. Calf growth and performance was measured and compared for effects of fetal programming. Previous studies in beef found positive effects on carcass characteristics. However, little work has been done to ensure that fetal programming is not detrimental to calves early in life. Though this study did find that nutrient restriction resulted in more excitable cattle, no negative effects caused by programming were found in growth and performance of the offspring.

Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance, Glucose Tolerance, and Carcass Traits of Progeny
Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance, Glucose Tolerance, and Carcass Traits of Progeny

Author: Lindsay M. Shoup

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 19

ISBN-13:

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Abstract: Effects of maternal energy source during gestation on postnatal growth and metabolism of progeny has not been well described. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of hay (HAY), corn (CORN), or dried distillers grains (DDGS) fed to cows in late-gestation on progeny post-weaning growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass characteristics. Angus-cross cows (n = 84; BW = 620 +̲ 12 kg) were blocked by BW and allotted to 4 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed at isocaloric intakes from 155 to 272 d of gestation. Following parturition, cows and calves were fed and managed as 1 group. Post-weaning, steers (n = 27) and heifers (n = 27) were transported to the feedlot, housed in individual pens, and fed a common diet which contained 50% cracked corn, 20% DDGS, 15% corn silage, and 15% supplement (DM basis). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on calves (n = 12) on d 41 and d 111 after feedlot arrival and blood samples (n = 7) from each calf were collected from 5 to 120 min post-glucose intravenous infusion (0.25 g of glucose/kg of BW). Calves were slaughtered at a 12th rib fat thickness of 1.2 +̲ 0.05 cm as determined via ultrasound. Gestational diet did not affect (P>̲ 0.30) progeny feedlot performance (initial BW, final BW, DMI, ADG, or G:F). During the GTT, fasting concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin were not affected (P>̲ 0.47) by treatment. Glucose clearance rate was greater (P = 0.01) in progeny from dams fed CORN than progeny from dams fed HAY or DDGS. Initial insulin response was greatest to least (P 0.01) for calves from cows fed CORN, DDGS, and HAY, respectively. Fasting insulin, insulin AUC, glucose AUC, and glucose clearance rate were all greater (P

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

Author: Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-05-16

Total Pages: 249

ISBN-13: 0309069343

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As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.

Developmental Programming in Livestock Production, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
Developmental Programming in Livestock Production, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

Author: Travis Mulliniks

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2019-05-30

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 0323678858

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This issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, edited by Dr. Rick Funston and Dr. J. Travis Mulliniks, is dedicated to Developmental Programming in Livestock Production. Topics include: Fetal Growth and Development; Cellular Mechanisms and Epigenetic Changes; Overgrowth Syndrome; Effects on Progeny and Nutrient Partitioning; Effects on Neonatal Mortality; Effects on Tissue Growth and End Product; Effects on Fertility; Effects on Animal Health and Immune Function; Effects on Dam and Progeny Milk Production; Multigenerational Effects; Developmental Resiliency: in utero Adaptation to Environmental Stimuli; and Developmental Programming in a Beef Production System.

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2016-06-16

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13: 0309317029

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Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.

Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry
Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry

Author: Rodney A. Hill

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-09-11

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 0470959525

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Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.

Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity
Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity

Author: Paul L. Greenwood

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-04-27

Total Pages: 303

ISBN-13: 9048131359

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Prenatal life is the period of maximal development in animals, and it is well recognised that factors that alter development can have profound effects on the embryonic, fetal and postnatal animal. Scientists involved in research on livestock productivity have for decades studied postnatal consequences of fetal development on productivity. Recently, however, there has been a surge in interest in how to manage prenatal development to enhance livestock health and productivity. This has occurred largely due to the studies that show human health in later life can be influenced by events during prenatal life, and establishment of the Fetal Origins and the Thrifty Phenotype Hypotheses. This book, Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity reviews phenotypic consequences of prenatal development, and provides details of mechanisms that underpin these effects in ruminants, pigs and poultry. The chapters have been divided into three parts: Quantification of prenatal effects on postnatal productivity, mechanistic bases of postnatal consequences of prenatal development and regulators of fetal and neonatal nutrient supply. Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity is a reference from which future research to improve the level of understanding and capacity to enhance productivity, health and efficiency of livestock in developing and developed countries will evolve. It is particularly timely given the development of molecular technologies that are providing new insight into regulation and consequences of growth and development of the embryo, fetus and neonate.

Metabolic Modifiers
Metabolic Modifiers

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies

Published: 1994-02-01

Total Pages: 94

ISBN-13: 0309049970

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In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.

Beef Cattle Production and Trade
Beef Cattle Production and Trade

Author: Lewis Kahn

Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING

Published: 2014-04-15

Total Pages: 894

ISBN-13: 0643109900

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Beef Cattle Production and Trade covers all aspects of the beef industry from paddock to plate. It is an international text with an emphasis on Australian beef production, written by experts in the field. The book begins with an overview of the historical evolution of world beef consumption and introductory chapters on carcass and meat quality, market preparation and world beef production. North America, Brazil, China, South-East Asia and Japan are discussed in separate chapters, followed by Australian beef production, including feed lotting and live export. The remaining chapters summarise R&D, emphasising the Australian experience, and look at different production systems and aspects of animal husbandry such as health, reproduction, grazing, feeding and finishing, genetics and breeding, production efficiency, environmental management and business management. The final chapter examines various case studies in northern and southern Australia, covering feed demand and supply, supplements, pasture management, heifer and weaner management, and management of internal and external parasites.

Fetal Growth and Development
Fetal Growth and Development

Author: Richard Harding

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2001-05-24

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 9780521645430

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A valuable insight into fetal growth and development across all the main body systems.