Does Business Ownership Provide a Source of Upward Mobility for Blacks and Hispanics?

Does Business Ownership Provide a Source of Upward Mobility for Blacks and Hispanics?

Author: Robert W. Fairlie

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Past research has indicated that disadvantaged minority groups may benefit from self-employment, which is hypothesized to decrease minority poverty levels, minority unemployment, and discrimination.However, little empirical evidence exists to demonstrate a correlation between minority self-employment and increased economic mobility. To study the impact of self-employment upon minorities, the research focuses on the earning patterns of self-employed and wage/salary-earning African-American and Hispanic individuals, comparing these results to those of their white counterparts.To study the earning patterns of the subjects, data were provided by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which collected data on young American men and women between 1979 and 1998.The limitations of these data set are discussed.Descriptive statistics are presented and explained. The results of the analysis revealed that:self-employed black and Hispanic men have greater mean and median earnings than their minority wage/salary counterparts; self-employed black men experience slower initial earnings than wage/salary workers; self-employed Hispanic men initially earn less than wage/salary workers, but experience quicker growth rates and slightly greater earnings after 9 years; and the earnings coefficients for both black and Hispanic women are not statistically significant.Self-employed black and Hispanic men still earn less than their white counterparts.The implications of challenges to many policies promoting minority self-employment are discussed. (AKP).


Public Policy and the Economics of Entrepreneurship

Public Policy and the Economics of Entrepreneurship

Author: Douglas Holtz-Eakin

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2003-12-23

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 9780262263092

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This groundbreaking collection of essays by leading economists examines different aspects of entrepreneurship and its relation to public policy. Entrepreneurship has been a subject of much recent discussion among academics and policymakers because of the belief that it invigorates the economy—producing greater productivity, more jobs, and higher economic growth. President George W. Bush promoted his economic plan by pointing to its encouragement of entrepreneurship. Yet, despite its importance, the topic of entrepreneurship is underrepresented in the economics literature. The contributors to Public Policy and the Economics of Entrepreneurship examine different aspects of entrepreneurship and its relation to public policy to help us reach a better understanding of the economic role of entrepreneurs. The contributors, all prominent economists, first consider what policies effectively encourage entrepreneurship, discussing a possible role for government in venture capital markets, the effect of the tax code's subsidy of health insurance for the self-employed, and the impact of banking deregulation on entrepreneurial activity. Two contributors then examine entrepreneurship in "unexpected places"—not small businesses, but large pharmaceutical firms and nonprofit organizations. The final essays explore the effect of entrepreneurship on inequality, looking at statistical evidence of upward mobility for self-employed blacks and Hispanics and discussing the effect on entrepreneurial activity of policies to reduce wealth inequality. The contributors hope, by offering a rigorous economic examination of entrepreneurship, to foster better public policies that encourage and support entrepreneurial activity.


Race, Self-employment, and Upward Mobility

Race, Self-employment, and Upward Mobility

Author: Timothy Mason Bates

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13:

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"This very interesting and informative book examines the role of self-employment in the upward mobility of African Americans and Asian immigrants in American society." -- Choice


The Economics of Entrepreneurship

The Economics of Entrepreneurship

Author: Simon C. Parker

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-11-12

Total Pages: 569

ISBN-13: 1139483676

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Entrepreneurship is an integral part of economic change and growth. Yet until recently it has been largely neglected by economists. In The Economics of Entrepreneurship, Simon C. Parker draws on theoretical insights and recent empirical findings to show how economics can contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship. The book is based on an earlier work, The Economics of Self-employment and Entrepreneurship (Cambridge, 2004), that has quickly become an essential reference for academics researching the economics of entrepreneurship. Written in a more accessible style, this book contains much that made this earlier work so successful and, in addition, includes improved pedagogical features and new material on the theory of the firm, spin-offs, nascent entrepreneurship, growth-enhancing knowledge spillovers and social entrepreneurship. It can be used both as a reference text for academics from a variety of disciplines and as a textbook for graduate students.


The Myth of Black Corporate Mobility

The Myth of Black Corporate Mobility

Author: Ulwyn L. Pierre

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-11-18

Total Pages: 174

ISBN-13: 1000525589

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First Published in 1999. This book addresses one such needed change in the corporate arena—the continuing inequality of opportunities for success that blacks experience relative to their similarly qualified white peers in the U.S. Through interviews and research, the author tries to find the answers that still need explanation due to the the stereotypes of blacks and other minorities that were kept alive through various media.


Ethnicity and Labor Market Outcomes

Ethnicity and Labor Market Outcomes

Author: Amelie F. Constant

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2009-11-02

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 1849506345

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How immigrants and their descendents fare in the host society and in particular in the labor market is a very important question. This work helps to understand the complex relationship between ethnic or minority groups, the role of ethnic identity and their disparate economic performance.


Entrepreneurship and Growth in Local, Regional and National Economies

Entrepreneurship and Growth in Local, Regional and National Economies

Author: David Smallbone

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2009-01-01

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 184980236X

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The volume provides rich accounts on the enforcement of core issues but also on theoretical and methodological advances of the frontier of the research field. Areas of study that are meritoriously included are business closure and characteristics of the present knowledge economy. New sectors of the research frontier include societal entrepreneurship and the diversity of entrepreneurship in emergent market economies as well as methodologies such as discourse analysis and narrative approaches. This anthology certainly contributes to the crafting of a European identity in the field of entrepreneurship research. Bengt Johannisson, Växjö University and Jönköping University, Sweden Many of the world s leading experts on entrepreneurship and economic growth explore important issues that impact new venture creation; the influences of the knowledge-based economy on economic development; factors that govern exit from entrepreneurship, and a variety of critical social influences on entrepreneurship and economic development. Like the previous three volumes in this series from the European Council for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, this is a significant contribution to entrepreneurship scholarship that has important insights for scholars and public policy-makers. William B. Gartner, Clemson University, US This state-of-the-art book provides a window on contemporary European entrepreneurship and small business research. The papers selected demonstrate the applied nature of entrepreneurship research as well as the various contributions that entrepreneurship can make to local, regional and national development. Written by international experts, the book reveals the heterogeneity of entrepreneurship in terms of substantive content and the methodologies employed. With both quantitative and qualitative approaches well represented, Entrepreneurship and Growth in Local, Regional and National Economies covers topics such as regional perspectives on entrepreneurship, new venture creation and growth, business exits, knowledge-based entrepreneurship and social inclusion. Furnishing the reader with rich and leading entrepreneurship research, this book will be invaluable for entrepreneurship and small business researchers as well as postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of entrepreneurship. Policy makers will also find much of great interest to them.


Overcoming Barriers to Entrepreneurship in the United States

Overcoming Barriers to Entrepreneurship in the United States

Author: Diana Furchtgott-Roth

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 9780739121115

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The book presents, chapter-by-chapter, evidence for and possible solutions to many of the most evident obstacles to entrepreneurs. It seeks to demonstrate that policy changes can have a significant effect on entrepreneurship in America by reducing barriers that block business creation.


Race and Entrepreneurial Success

Race and Entrepreneurial Success

Author: Robert W. Fairlie

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-08-13

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 0262260670

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A comprehensive analysis of racial disparities and the determinants of entrepreneurial performance—in particular, why Asian-owned businesses on average perform relatively well and why black-owned businesses typically do not. Thirteen million people in the United States—roughly one in ten workers—own a business. And yet rates of business ownership among African Americans are much lower and have been so throughout the twentieth century. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, businesses owned by African Americans tend to have lower sales, fewer employees and smaller payrolls, lower profits, and higher closure rates. In contrast, Asian American-owned businesses tend to be more successful. In Race and Entrepreneurial Success, minority entrepreneurship authorities Robert Fairlie and Alicia Robb examine racial disparities in business performance. Drawing on the rarely used, restricted-access Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) dataset compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau, Fairlie and Robb examine in particular why Asian-owned firms perform well in comparison to white-owned businesses and black-owned firms typically do not. They also explore the broader question of why some entrepreneurs are successful and others are not. After providing new comprehensive estimates of recent trends in minority business ownership and performance, the authors examine the importance of human capital, financial capital, and family business background in successful business ownership. They find that a high level of startup capital is the most important factor contributing to the success of Asian-owned businesses, and that the lack of startup money for black businesses (attributable to the fact that nearly half of all black families have less than $6,000 in total wealth) contributes to their relative lack of success. In addition, higher education levels among Asian business owners explain much of their success relative to both white- and African American-owned businesses. Finally, Fairlie and Robb find that black entrepreneurs have fewer opportunities than white entrepreneurs to acquire valuable pre-business work experience through working in family businesses.


The Small Business Economy 2005

The Small Business Economy 2005

Author:

Publisher: Government Printing Office

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9780160751141

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Focuses a spotlight on the contributions and challenges of entrepreneurs in several demographic groups, namely minorities and veterans.