Disposal Options for Ships
Disposal Options for Ships

Author: Ronald Wayne Hess

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9780833030146

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This book identifies and evaluates options for the disposal of U.S. Navy andU.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) ships. Four options are considered:long-term storage, domestic recycling, overseas recycling, and reefing(i.e., the sinking of ships to build artificial reefs). The authorsexamined the use of private and public U.S. shipyards, internationalorganizations, and partnerships between U.S. and foreign companies. Thestudy took applicable environmental and worker health and safety regulationsinto account to arrive at estimates of the costs, benefits, capacities,capabilities, feasibility, and risks associated with each option. It foundthat the Navy and MARAD should exploit the experience gained in the Navy_songoing Ship Disposal Program and the recently initiated MARAD program todispose of poor-condition ships in the inventory. Such a strategy wouldreduce the current risk of ship sinking or other notable environmentaldamage., At the same time, this study also found that both agencies shouldinitiate coordinated discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and other coastal regulatory authorities to develop standards forreefing that will make it a viable, long-term option for disposing of asmany of the 358 ships in the current inactive fleet as possible. The Navyand MARAD should not opt for overseas recycling; such a program wouldinvolve many impediments and difficulties. Neither should they opt forlong-term storage, which entails high and uncertain costs and only defers,rather than solves, the problem of disposing of the ships.

Disposal Options for Ships
Disposal Options for Ships

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 165

ISBN-13:

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The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) together preside over a fleet of some 450 retired naval vessels and merchant ships that grows each month as ship retirements continue. Some of these ships will find their way into the navies of U.S. allies and friendly nations, others will be sold or donated to interested parties, and some will be consumed in live-fire military exercises known as sinking exercises, or SINKEX. Those that remain, about 358 ships, will require some other form of disposal over the next 20 years. Those 358 ships were the focus of our study. We evaluated four options for how the Navy and MARAD might proceed: long-term storage, domestic recycling (ship dismantlement in U.S. naval or commercial shipyards), overseas recycling, and "reefing"--I.e., the sinking of a ship(s) to create an artificial reef for a marine habitat or as a site for recreational divers. Of these four, only the last three are truly ship-disposal options. Long-term storage, which defers the decision of how to dispose of the ships until some later date, was included to show the consequences of taking no action.

Artificial Reefs: A Disposal Option for Navy and MARAD Ships
Artificial Reefs: A Disposal Option for Navy and MARAD Ships

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 69

ISBN-13:

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Over the next 20 years, after accounting for unfunded forms of ship disposal such as donations, sales, or transfers to foreign governments and private interests, more than 350 Navy and Maritime Administration (MARAD) vessels will require some form of government-funded disposal. A previous RAND Corporation study (Hess et al., Disposal Options for Ships, MR-1377-NAVY, 2001) reviewed such disposal options, including recycling (either domestically or overseas) and long-term storage. Preparation and use of ships for construction of artificial reefs was identified as the lowest-cost domestic option for ship disposal. In the research reported here, we examine the demand for ships as reefs and the impediments to such use. We suggest program goals and review possible business models for their potential to minimize risks and costs to the Navy. While it had been our intention to conduct a more-thorough analysis, the U.S. Navy, for which this research was conducted, found our preliminary results satisfactory for its purposes and asked that we not proceed further. Our reefing analysis is thus suggestive, rather than definitive. For the reader's convenience, a synopsis of the earlier study is included in this briefing. Some of the findings have been updated to reflect information coming to our attention since that report was published.

Artificial Reefs
Artificial Reefs

Author: Michael V. Hynes

Publisher: RAND Corporation

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13:

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By 2005, the U.S. Navy and the Maritime Administration will have accumulated some 360 retired ships in need of disposal. A previous RAND study reviewed disposal options such as recycling (either domestically or overseas) and long-term storage. However, preparation and use of the ships for construction of artificial reefs was identified as the lowest-cost option. With the demonstrated potential attractiveness of reefing as a disposal option, in this study the authors examine the economic, legal, environmental, and programmatic issues that might bear on the Navy's decision to pursue the reefing option more seriously. They examine the demand for ships to be used as reefs and the impediments to such use, suggest program goals, and review possible business models for their potential to minimize risks and costs to the Navy.

From Shipbreaking to Sustainable Ship Recycling
From Shipbreaking to Sustainable Ship Recycling

Author: Tony George Puthucherril

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2010-03-08

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 9047428374

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Ship recycling conserves resources, employs an unskilled workforce, and removes outdated tonnage. Operating mainly on the Indian subcontinent, this ‘primitive’ industry often results in loss of human life and pollution of the marine environment. Despite moral indignation, the international community has struggled to manage this industry and only recently completed the IMO International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. Using the Indian experience on shipbreaking as a case study, this book assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the Convention. The author argues that the Convention may not succeed because it fails to strike a balance between environmental protection, human rights, and commercial realities. The book offers recommendations for a holistic and integrated approach to a sustainable ship recycling industry.

Maritime Administration, Ship Disposal Program Needs Improved Communications and Updated Strategic Plan
Maritime Administration, Ship Disposal Program Needs Improved Communications and Updated Strategic Plan

Author: Government Accountability Office

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-07-28

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13: 9781973974482

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"Timely and proper disposal of obsoleteships in the National Defense ReserveFleet-older ships designated for usein national emergencies-is critical toprotecting the environment. Becausethese ships often contain hazardousmaterials, members of Congress andothers have raised issues about theenvironmental concerns. As part of theDepartment of Transportation,MARAD's Ship Disposal Programserves as the federal government'sagent for competing and awardingcontracts for recycling the ships'materials. Congress has requiredMARAD's ship disposal program toaward ship recycling contracts toqualified ship recycling facilities on thebasis of best value. The Coast Guardand Maritime Transportation Act of2012 mandated that GAO reviewMARAD's source selection proceduresand practices used to award shiprecycling contracts.In this report, GAO assessedMARAD's (1) source selection process;(2) communication strategy with shiprecycling contractors; and (3) long-termship disposal strategy. To completethis work, GAO reviewed and analyzeddocumentation on MARAD'squalification process, source selectionprocedures, and strategies; andinterviewed MARAD and all of itsqualified ship recycling contractors."

Maritime Administration
Maritime Administration

Author: Marie A. Mak

Publisher:

Published: 2014-03-18

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13: 9781457853487

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Timely and proper disposal of obsolete ships in the National Defense Reserve Fleet -- older ships designated for use in national emergencies -- is critical to protecting the environment. Because these ships often contain hazardous materials, there are environmental concerns. As part of the Dept. of Transportation (DOT), the Maritime Admin.'s (MARAD's) Ship Disposal Program serves as the federal government's agent for competing and awarding contracts for recycling the ships' materials. Congress has required MARAD's ship disposal program to award ship recycling contracts to qualified ship recycling facilities on the basis of best value. The Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2012 mandated this review of MARAD's source selection procedures and practices used to award ship recycling contracts. It assesses MARAD's (1) source selection process; (2) communication strategy with ship recycling contractors; and (3) long-term ship disposal strategy. Table and figures. This is a print on demand report.