The Direction of Trade Statistics Online service provides data on the value of merchandise exports and imports between each country and all its trading partners. The database includes: total bilateral and multilateral exports and imports aggregated at national or regional group level; data from 1948 at monthly, quarterly, and annual frequencies.
The Direction of Trade Statistics Online service provides data on the value of merchandise exports and imports between each country and all its trading partners. The database includes: total bilateral and multilateral exports and imports aggregated at national or regional group level; data from 1948 at monthly, quarterly, and annual frequencies.
Analyses modern tendencies in the development of regional economic cooperation in East Asia which is considered by regional countries as their response to growing challenges of globalization.
This paper analyzes why the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has lagged in growth and globalization. Despite attempts to spur recovery and initiate structural reforms, many countries in the region remain on a slow growth path, effectively sidelined from globalization and the benefits of closer economic integration with the rest of the world. The benefits from oil failed to generate a sustained growth dynamic or bring about greater regional economic integration. The paper highlights that the slowdown in economic reforms is a key factor for the economic depression in the MENA region.
The future growth and development of Asia ? the most dynamic economic region in the world today ? will have important implications for the rest of the global economy. This book offers a futuristic perspective of a wide array of developmental challenges and opportunities facing Asian economies over the next two decades. The future is approached from several different developmental paradigms including technological change and innovation, regional cooperation within Asia and between Asia and the West, poverty reduction, ethics and corruption, and environmental challenges. Future prospects for the two giant economies of China and India are also explored. By offering a comprehensive look at the medium-term future of Asia from such a wide range of different viewpoints, this fascinating book will interest economists, social scientists, politicians, international investment managers and the general public alike.
This book addresses the relationship between the Russian Federation and Cuba from 1992 to the present, the period since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Mervyn J. Bain analyzes the reasons why the relationship between Havana and Moscow continues tothrive even after the end of the Cold War and the death of international socialism. He argues that there are five main areas to be studied in order to understand why the Russians and Cubans have maintained close cultural and political ties well into thetwenty-first century. Bain first explores the effects the disintegration of the Soviet Union had on the relationship between Moscow and Havana in the years since 1992. He goes on to describe how the two countries have adapted (or failed to adapt) to the New World Order and the ways in which their foreign policy have changed the shape of their dialogue with each other. The third and fourth sections detail both the impact of globalization and the increased cultural, economic, and military exchange between Russians and Cubans. Bain concludes by showing readers the importance of placing the Russian-Cuban relationship in an international context, especially highlighting the influence of the United States over it. This book will be of interest to those interested in post-Soviet Russian foreign policy, Cuban foreign policy, and international relations.
This 2004 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic growth in South Africa slowed in 2003 to 1.9 percent, from 3.6 percent in 2002, despite strong domestic demand. Fuelled by low interest rates, a more expansionary fiscal stance, and the wealth effects from strong commodity and property price increases, domestic expenditures rose strongly in 2003. Developments in 2004 point to a rebound in growth. Real GDP grew by 3.9 percent in the second quarter and a range of indicators, such as retail sales and consumer and business confidence measures, point to an acceleration in activity.
The primary focus of the chapters presented in this book is the European Union. The EU is a treaty-based, institutional framework that defines and manages economic and political co-operation among its 25 member states (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The Union represents the latest stage in a process of European integration begun after World War II to promote peace and economic prosperity in Europe. This European integration project has evolved from encompassing primarily economic sectors to include developing a common foreign policy and closer police and judicial co-operation. With the end of the Cold War, the Union has also sought to extend the political and economic benefits of membership, especially to central and eastern Europe. This book examines the Union's expectations of the future, and the relationships that it has with countries in other parts of the world.
