The main aim of this book is to show the features of DiQuMASPAB so ware through the description of its graphical interface, by giving special emphasis to all those aspects implemented in the code. DiQuMASPAB, acronym of “Differential Quadrature for Mechanics of Anisotropic Shells, Plates, Arches and Beams”, is a computational code, which can be used for the numerical analysis of doubly curved shells made of innovative materials, using the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) and the Generalized Integral Quadrature (GIQ) methods. The software can investigate the mechanical behavior of these structures through different approaches and structural theories. In particular, this code allows considering a kinematic expansion characterized by different degrees of freedom for the Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) theories and for each layer when the Layer-Wise (LW) approach is taken into account. As far as the materials are concerned, it is possible to consider different lamination schemes, as well as various distributions of the volume fraction of the constituents for those layers that vary their mechanical properties along the thickness. In addition, the software analyzes structures with variable thickness and characterized by variable mechanical properties that can change point by point. A finite element formulation is also available to investigate the mechanical behavior of plane structures characterized by irregular domains and mechanical discontinuities.
The title, “Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures. Differential and Integral Quadrature. Strong Form Finite Elements” illustrates the theme treated and the prospective followed during the composition of the present work. The aim of this manuscript is to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of thick and moderately thick composite shells through the application of the Differential Quadrature (DQ) method. The book is divided into two volumes wherein the principal higher order structural theories are illustrated in detail and the mechanical behavior of doubly-curved structures are presented by several static and dynamic numerical applications. In particular, the first volume is mainly theoretical, whereas the second one is mainly related to the numerical DQ technique and its applications in the structural field. The numerical results reported in the present volume are compared to the one available in the literature, but also to the ones obtained through several codes based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Furthermore, an advanced version of the DQ method, termed Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM), is presented. The SFEM solves the differential equations inside each element in the strong form and implements the mapping technique typical of the FEM.
This book aims to present in depth several Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories (HSDTs) by means of a unified approach for studying the Hygro-Thermo-Magneto-Electro- Elastic Theory of Anisotropic Doubly-Curved Shells. In particular, a general coupled multifield theory regarding anisotropic shell structures is provided. The three-dimensional multifield problem is reduced in a two-dimensional one following the principles of the Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) approach and the Equivalent Layer-Wise (ELW) approach, setting a proper configuration model. According to the adopted configuration assumptions, several Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories (HSDTs) are obtained. Furthermore, the strong and weak formulations of the corresponding governing equations are discussed and illustrated. The approach presented in this volume is completely general and represents a valid tool to investigate the physical behavior of many arbitrarily shaped structures. An isogeometric mapping procedure is also illustrated to this aim. Special attention is given also to advanced and innovative constituents, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Variable Angle Tow (VAT) composites and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). In addition, several numerical applications are used to support the theoretical models. Accurate, efficient and reliable numerical techniques able to approximate both derivatives and integrals are considered, which are respectively the Differential Quadrature (DQ) and Integral Quadrature (IQ) methods. The Theory of Composite Thin Shells is derived in a simple and intuitive manner from the theory of thick and moderately thick shells (First-order Shear Deformation Theory or Reissner- Mindlin Theory). In particular, the Kirchhoff-Love Theory and the Membrane Theory for composite shells are shown. Furthermore, the Theory of Composite Arches and Beams is also exposed. In particular, the equations of the Timoshenko Theory and the Euler-Bernoulli Theory are directly deducted from the equations of singly-curved shells of translation and of plates.
This book aims to present in depth several Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories (HSDTs) by means of a unified approach for the mechanical analysis of doubly-curved shell structures made of anisotropic and composite materials. In particular, the strong and weak formulations of the corresponding governing equations are discussed and illustrated. The approach presented in this volume is completely general and represents a valid tool to investigate the structural behavior of many arbitrarily shaped structures. An isogeometric mapping procedure is also illustrated to this aim. Special attention is given also to advanced and innovative constituents, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Variable Angle Tow (VAT) composites and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). In addition, several numerical applications are developed to support the theoretical models. Accurate, efficient and reliable numerical techniques able to approximate both derivatives and integrals are presented, which are respectively the Differential Quadrature (DQ) and Integral Quadrature (IQ) methods. Finally, two numerical techniques, named Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM) and Weak Formulation Finite Element Method (WFEM), are developed to deal with multi-element domains characterized by arbitrary shapes and discontinuities.
The main aim of this book is to analyze the mathematical fundamentals and the main features of the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) and Generalized Integral Quadrature (GIQ) techniques. Furthermore, another interesting aim of the present book is to shown that from the two numerical techniques mentioned above it is possible to derive two different approaches such as the Strong and Weak Finite Element Methods (SFEM and WFEM), that will be used to solve various structural problems and arbitrarily shaped structures. A general approach to the Differential Quadrature is proposed. The weighting coefficients for different basis functions and grid distributions are determined. Furthermore, the expressions of the principal approximating polynomials and grid distributions, available in the literature, are shown. Besides the classic orthogonal polynomials, a new class of basis functions, which depend on the radial distance between the discretization points, is presented. They are known as Radial Basis Functions (or RBFs). The general expressions for the derivative evaluation can be utilized in the local form to reduce the computational cost. From this concept the Local Generalized Differential Quadrature (LGDQ) method is derived. The Generalized Integral Quadrature (GIQ) technique can be used employing several basis functions, without any restriction on the point distributions for the given definition domain. To better underline these concepts some classical numerical integration schemes are reported, such as the trapezoidal rule or the Simpson method. An alternative approach based on Taylor series is also illustrated to approximate integrals. This technique is named as Generalized Taylor-based Integral Quadrature (GTIQ) method. The major structural theories for the analysis of the mechanical behavior of various structures are presented in depth in the book. In particular, the strong and weak formulations of the corresponding governing equations are discussed and illustrated. Generally speaking, two formulations of the same system of governing equations can be developed, which are respectively the strong and weak (or variational) formulations. Once the governing equations that rule a generic structural problem are obtained, together with the corresponding boundary conditions, a differential system is written. In particular, the Strong Formulation (SF) of the governing equations is obtained. The differentiability requirement, instead, is reduced through a weighted integral statement if the corresponding Weak Formulation (WF) of the governing equations is developed. Thus, an equivalent integral formulation is derived, starting directly from the previous one. In particular, the formulation in hand is obtained by introducing a Lagrangian approximation of the degrees of freedom of the problem. The need of studying arbitrarily shaped domains or characterized by mechanical and geometrical discontinuities leads to the development of new numerical approaches that divide the structure in finite elements. Then, the strong form or the weak form of the fundamental equations are solved inside each element. The fundamental aspects of this technique, which the author defined respectively Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM) and Weak Formulation Finite Element Method (WFEM), are presented in the book.
It is well-known that the topic of composite mate- rials affects many engineering fields, such as civil, mechanical, aerospace, automotive and chemical. In the last decades, in fact, a huge number of scientific papers concerning these peculiar constituents has been published. Analogously, the industrial progress has been extremely noticeable. The study of composite materials, in general, is a challenging activity since the advancements both in the academia and in the industry provide continually new sparks to develop innovative ideas and applications. The communication, the sharing and the exchange of views can surely help the works of many researchers. This aspect represents the main purpose of this Conference, which aims to collect high-level contributions on the development and the application of composite materials. The establishment of this 21st edition of International Conference on Composite Structures has appeared appropriate to continue what has been begun during the previous editions. ICCS wants to be an occasion for many researchers from each part of the globe to meet and discuss about the recent advancements regarding the use of composite structures, sandwich panels, nanotechnology, bio-composites, delamination and fracture, experimental methods, manufacturing and other countless topics that have filled many sessions during this conference. As a proof of this event, which has taken place in Bologna (Italy), selected plenary and key-note lectures have been collected in the present book.
This manuscript comes from the experience gained over thirteen years of study and research on shell structures. The title, Theory of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures, illustrates the theme followed in the present volume. The present study aims to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of moderately thick shells made of composite materials. A particular attention is paid, other than fibrous and laminated composites, also to “Functionally graded materials” (FGMs). They are non-homogeneous materials, characterized by a continuous varia on of the mechanical properties through a particular direction. In particular, the present manuscript was written as an attempt to show, in an easy way, the theoretical aspects of doubly-curved composite shell structures. Furthermore, it focuses only on the theoretical aspects related to laminated composite doubly-curved shell structures and represents a shortened version of the book entitled: Mechanics of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures by the same authors, wherein also the numerical part has been presented. The present volume is aimed at Master degree and PhD students in structural and applied mechanics, as well as experts in these fields. The present volume is divided into six chapters, in which static and dynamic analyses of several structural elements are provided in detail. Furthermore, the results of the adopted numerical technique are presented for several problems such as different loading and boundary conditions.
This manuscript comes from the experience gained over ten years of study and research on shell structures and on the Generalized Differential Quadrature method. The title, Mechanics of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures, illustrates the theme followed in the present volume. The present study aims to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of moderately thick shells made of composite materials through the application of the Differential Quadrature (DQ) technique. A particular attention is paid, other than fibrous and laminated composites, also to “Functionally Graded Materials” (FGMs). They are non-homogeneous materials, characterized by a continuous variation of the mechanical properties through a particular direction. The GDQ numerical solution is compared, not only with literature results, but also with the ones supplied and obtained through the use of different structural codes based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Furthermore, an advanced version of GDQ method is also presented. This methodology is termed Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM) because it employs the strong form of the differential system of equations at the master element level and the mapping technique, proper of FEM. The connectivity between two elements is enforced through compatibility conditions.
This manuscript comes from the experience gained over ten years of study and research on shell structures and on the Generalized Differential Quadrature method. The title, Mechanics of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures, illustrates the theme followed in the present volume. The present study aims to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of moderately thick shells made of composite materials through the application of the Differential Quadrature (DQ) technique. A particular attention is paid, other than fibrous and laminated composites, also to “Functionally Graded Materials” (FGMs). They are non-homogeneous materials, characterized by a continuous variation of the mechanical properties through a particular direction. The GDQ numerical solution is compared, not only with literature results, but also with the ones supplied and obtained through the use of different structural codes based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Furthermore, an advanced version of GDQ method is also presented. This methodology is termed Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM) because it employs the strong form of the differential system of equations at the master element level and the mapping technique, proper of FEM. The connectivity between two elements is enforced through compatibility conditions.
This book commemorates the 80th birthday of Prof. W. Pietraszkiewicz, a prominent specialist in the field of general shell theory. Reflecting Prof. Pietraszkiewicz’s focus, the respective papers address a range of current problems in the theory of shells. In addition, they present other structural mechanics problems involving dimension-reduced models. Lastly, several applications are discussed, including material models for such dimension-reduced structures.
