Dinoflagellate Contributions to the Deep Sea
Dinoflagellate Contributions to the Deep Sea

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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For the first time, sediment trap samples from several depths in the deep sea were analyzed to estimate both the types and amounts of mineral contributed by dinoflagellates to the deep sea sediment flux. Thecal remains of dinoflagellate motile stages were almost entirely restricted to the upper few hundred meters of the water column, supporting the generally accepted explanation of their absence in the fossil record (i.e., theca are composed of cellulosic material which is destroyed before they may be incorporated into bottom sediments). The main contribution to the sediment flux is composed of resting cysts routinely produced in the life cycles of just a few of the more obscure oceanic dinoflagellates, probably species of Scrippsiella or Ensiculifera. The cyst assemblage sedimenting out from plankton at present is overwhelmingly dominated by a few small calcareous types (up to several thousands/m2/day). If not dissolved, these may accumulate in paleontologically significant amounts in bottom sediments to give the most representative fossil record of oceanic dinoflagellates. "Oceanic assemblages" of organic-walled cysts from Recent deep-sea sediments previously described by palynologists probably represent long distance transport from more coastal regions rather than oceanic dinoflagellate production.

Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography
Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography

Author: Gerhard Fischer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 768

ISBN-13: 3642586465

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Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.

Fjord Systems and Archives
Fjord Systems and Archives

Author: John Allen Howe

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9781862393127

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"The current volume brings together a selection of papers which have variously, but not exclusively, been presented in recent years at one of three international meetings on the theme of Fjords. The first of these meetings on 'Fjord environments: past, present and future' was held as a workshop ...The second meeting was convened as a formal session (CGC-13) entitles 'Fjords: climate and environmental change' ..The third of these meetings, the 2nd International workshop on the theme Fjord environments: past, present and future ..." --p. [1].

The Northern North Atlantic
The Northern North Atlantic

Author: Priska Schäfer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 3642568769

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The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.

Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates
Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates

Author: F. Marret

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2013-12-04

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 9781862393684

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This volume provides an overview of current research on fossil and modern dinoflagellates, as well as highlighting research areas for future collaboration, following the DINO9 International Conference in Liverpool. The volume is organized into four themes, with a review paper for each theme written by the key-note speaker. Each theme also includes a future research foci note following discussion during the conference. The contributions are organized into the following sections: environmental change, ecology/palaeoecology, life cycles and diversity, and stratigraphy and evolution. Also included are notes from two workshops: culture experiments and dinocysts as palaeoceanographic tracers. This volume will be of interest to both the biological and micropalaeontological communities.

Island, Ocean and Deep-Sea Biology
Island, Ocean and Deep-Sea Biology

Author: M.B. Jones

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 9401719829

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The 34th European Marine Biology Symposium was held in Ponta Delgada, The Azores, between 13th and 17th September 1999. It was organised by the University of the Azores in association with the Municipal Museum of Funchal (Madeira), and the Plymouth Environment Research Centre (University of Plymouth, UK). The selected topics, dictated by the position of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, were: `Ecology and Evolution on Island Shores', `The Open Ocean', and `The Deep Ocean'. Each topic was introduced by a recognised expert of international reputation and these keynote reviews provide authoritative summaries of the current status of these very important topics in marine biology. The 35 papers which make up this volume bring new ideas and concepts relating to the functioning of marine systems extending from the intertidal, through the pelagic realm down to the deep sea. The book covers many aspects of the biology of marine organisms and will have wide interest to all those interested in the life of the world's oceans.

Cenozoic Plants and Climates of the Arctic
Cenozoic Plants and Climates of the Arctic

Author: Michael C. Boulter

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 3642793789

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Fifty million years ago, the Arctic Ocean was a warm sea, bounded by lush vegetation of the warm-temperate shores of Scandinavia, Siberia, Alaska and the Northwest Territories. Wind and storms were rare because Atlantic weather systems had not developed but, as today, polar day length added a hostile element to this otherwise tranquil climate. With the aid of scientists from all the countries close to the Arctic Circle, this book describes the palaeontology, the statistical analysis of vegetational features, comparisons with atmospheric, marine, and geological features and some of the first models of plant migration developed from newly constructed databases.