How do you gauge the accomplishments of policy and its failures? While a number of nations are successful in optimizing a socio-economic welfare function, others are woefully falling short of the optimal frontier. Diagnostics for a Globalized World proposes a reformulation of the inherited theory of economic and social policy (codified in the 1950s by Jan Tinbergen) to find a diagnostic tool in measuring the effectiveness of economic and social policy. Using a logarithmic adaptation of data envelopment analysis, the authors explain how to rank the attainment of nations of multidimensional goals such as those expressed by the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
How do you gauge the accomplishments of policy and its failures? While a number of nations are successful in optimizing a socio-economic welfare function, others are woefully falling short of the optimal frontier. Diagnostics for a Globalized World proposes a reformulation of the inherited theory of economic and social policy (codified in the 1950s by Jan Tinbergen) to find a diagnostic tool in measuring the effectiveness of economic and social policy. Using a logarithmic adaptation of data envelopment analysis, the authors explain how to rank the attainment of nations of multidimensional goals such as those expressed by the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Every year there are 8.8 million new active cases and nearly two million deaths worldwide from tuberculosis (about 5,000 every day), mostly in the poorest communities of the developing world. One third of the world's population has latent TB which may later develop into an active form of the disease, and it has also become the leading cause of death among people with HIV. Multidrug-resistance is also a growing problem. A key challenge for the public health community is to be able to effectively diagnose patients so that valuable resources and medicines are not wasted on misdiagnosis and repeat treatments. This report, written by an international network of researchers and policy experts, examines the global market for TB diagnostics available for active disease, latent infection, drug resistance and treatment response. It provides a sound basis for diagnostics development suitable for various levels of health systems in industrialised and developing countries.
In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Have you ever wondered about the rise of global terrorism? Have you ever thought about finding a solution to terrorism? Are you worried about the next 9/11? Have you been concerned about the threat America and its allies are experiencing from Islamic extremists? Is terrorism your concern and do you wish to gain insight into the psychology of terrorists? Do you want to know why terrorism is perpetuating in the world? In short, are you concern about your own security and that of your loves ones and hope that the world becomes a peaceful place for humankind? If your answer to any of these questions is yes, then this book will provide the answers to your inquiries on global terror. Diagnosis and Prescription to Combat Global Terrorism attempts to inform you about the undisclosed facts or realities about terrorism that government officials, politicians, and religious leaders are yet to discuss in the public realm. The book discusses terrorism from insights gained in the world's five major religions (Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism) and describes how these religions' culture, beliefs, or doctrines are crucial to enhancing democracy - or infecting the world with chaos, desperation, and uncertainty. This book brings new ideas from four different schools of thought (Psychology, Political Science, Sociology, and Social Work) to help you digest critical information about the rise of global terror. The book also recommends ways to combat this ill societal phenomenon. The author uses an intellectual ideological microscope to magnify the unspoken underlying causes of global terrorism; he provides theoretical explanations on how religions and cultures impact terrorism as well as have the ability to deter the current divide. While the contents of this book are exploratory and stimulating to its general readers, it also can be used in colleges and universities in academic disciplines such as Political Science, Religious Studies, Sociology, and Psychology to model the way for a violence-free democratic society.
This collection examines the difficult task of reforming governments worldwide to meet citizens’ needs and aspirations. It advances constructive efforts to enhance public accountability while recognizing the complex ways in which corruption, greed, and state capture undermine the legitimacy and performance of government. The contributors are political scientists, lawyers, and economists who bring a cross-disciplinary approach to their chosen subjects. The first group of chapters deals with public sector performance, development, and public participation. Complementary pieces by a practitioner and a scholar confront the challenges of achieving reform in countries with difficult political environments and extensive poverty and inequality. The second group emphasizes the way corruption and state capture limit the accountability and effectiveness of governments in both developing and wealthy countries. The contributions consider the institutional roots of dysfunctional government and their links to the private sector. Taken together, the volume surveys a wide range of topics with theoretical arguments and empirical findings that provide insights into real-world problems and policymaking dilemmas. Inspired by Susan Rose-Ackerman’s fifty-year exploration of public policymaking, public law, and corruption, the collection will be an invaluable resource for researchers, academics and policy makers working in the areas of Public Law, Anticorruption, and Political-Economy.
