Developments in Photoelasticity
Developments in Photoelasticity

Author: Krishnamurthi Ramesh

Publisher: IOP Publishing Limited

Published: 2021-10-21

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 9780750324700

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In recent years, the field of digital photoelasticity has begun to stabilise. Developments in Photoelasticity presents, in one volume, the time-tested advancements that have brought about a fundamental change in employing photoelastic analysis to solve diverse applications. Based on decades of active research, this authoritative treatment surveys wide-ranging connections in the field, focusing on developments made since 2010. Wide-ranging in its application, this high-level reference text is an invaluable tool for stress analysts, teachers of photo-mechanics and industry practitioners involved in stress analysis, solid mechanics, fracture mechanics, glass stress analysis, and contact mechanics. It also serves as a link between active research and teaching at graduate and senior undergraduate level. Key Features: Establishes the basics of photoelasticity with clarity to serve as a primary reference for users of the methodology Explains phase-shifting methods that are robust enough to allow the reader to implement them with ease. Explores modern methods based on colour information processing using a single isochromatic image as well as use of conventional polariscopes for complete photoelastic analysis. Provides carrier fringe analysis tools for quantifying low stress field information for special applications. Extensive information on a variety of applications of photoelasticity covering domains ranging from biomedical to aerospace to civil engineering applications. Highlights large scale photoelastic studies in granular materials with applications in plant biology, neurobiology and biomimetics

Digital Photoelasticity
Digital Photoelasticity

Author: K. Ramesh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 3642597238

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A straightforward introduction to basic concepts and methodologies for digital photoelasticity, providing a foundation on which future researchers and students can develop their own ideas. The book thus promotes research into the formulation of problems in digital photoelasticity and the application of these techniques to industries. In one volume it provides data acquisition by DIP techniques, its analysis by statistical techniques, and its presentation by computer graphics plus the use of rapid prototyping technologies to speed up the entire process. The book not only presents the various techniques but also provides the relevant time-tested software codes. Exercises designed to support and extend the treatment are found at the end of each chapter.

Photoelasticity
Photoelasticity

Author: M. M. Leven

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13: 1483158543

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Photoelasticity presents the development of photoelasticity. This book discusses the principle of optical equivalence of stressed isotropic bodies. Organized into 29 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the progress in three-dimensional photoelasticity. This text then summarizes the approximate theoretical analysis by the strain-energy technique and derives the basic equations for the evaluation of P and Q by graphical integration. Other chapters consider the importance of stress concentrations in the domain of strength of materials, particularly where fatigue is present. This book discusses a well the various instructive fractures and indicates that the strength of bakelite is determined by the maximum tensile stresses as computed by advanced methods of stress analysis. The final chapter deals with the two fundamental problems in three-dimensional photoplasticity and explains the general stress-optic law under plastic flow without unloading. This book is a valuable resource for designers as well as mechanical and civil engineers.

Matrix Theory of Photoelasticity
Matrix Theory of Photoelasticity

Author: Pericles S. Theocaris

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 365

ISBN-13: 3540357890

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Photoelasticity as an experimental method for analyzing stress fields in mechanics was developed in the early thirties by the pioneering works of Mesnager in France and Coker and Filon in England. Almost concurrently, Föppl, Mesmer, and Oppel in Germany contributed significantly to what turned out to be an amazing development. Indeed, in the fifties and sixties a tremendous number of scientific papers and monographs appeared, all over the world, dealing with various aspects of the method and its applications in experimental stress analysis. All of these contributions were based on the so-called Neumann-Maxwell stress-opticallaw; they were developed by means of the classical methods of vector analysis and analytic geometry, using the conventionallight-vector concept. This way of treating problems of mechanics by photoelasticity indicated many shortcomings and drawbacks of this classical method, especially when three-dimensional problems of elasticity had to be treated and when complicated load and geometry situations existed. Meanwhile, the idea of using the Poincare sphere for representing any polarization profile in photoelastic applications was introduced by Robert in France and Aben in the USSR, in order to deal with problems of polarization oflight passing through aseries of optical elements (retarders andjor rotators). Although the Poincare-sphere presentation of any polarization profile con stitutes a powerful and elegant method, it exhibits the difficulty of requiring manipulations in three-dimensional space, on the surface of the unit sphere. However, other graphical methods have been developed to bypass this difficulty.

Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics
Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics

Author: William N. Sharpe, Jr.

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-12-04

Total Pages: 1100

ISBN-13: 0387268839

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The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics. Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

Experimental Stress Analysis for Materials and Structures
Experimental Stress Analysis for Materials and Structures

Author: Alessandro Freddi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-03-19

Total Pages: 509

ISBN-13: 3319060864

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This book summarizes the main methods of experimental stress analysis and examines their application to various states of stress of major technical interest, highlighting aspects not always covered in the classic literature. It is explained how experimental stress analysis assists in the verification and completion of analytical and numerical models, the development of phenomenological theories, the measurement and control of system parameters under operating conditions, and identification of causes of failure or malfunction. Cases addressed include measurement of the state of stress in models, measurement of actual loads on structures, verification of stress states in circumstances of complex numerical modeling, assessment of stress-related material damage, and reliability analysis of artifacts (e.g. prostheses) that interact with biological systems. The book will serve graduate students and professionals as a valuable tool for finding solutions when analytical solutions do not exist.

Experimental Mechanics of Solids
Experimental Mechanics of Solids

Author: Cesar A. Sciammarella

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-03-26

Total Pages: 769

ISBN-13: 1119970091

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Experimental solid mechanics is the study of materials to determine their physical properties. This study might include performing a stress analysis or measuring the extent of displacement, shape, strain and stress which a material suffers under controlled conditions. In the last few years there have been remarkable developments in experimental techniques that measure shape, displacement and strains and these sorts of experiments are increasingly conducted using computational techniques. Experimental Mechanics of Solids is a comprehensive introduction to the topics, technologies and methods of experimental mechanics of solids. It begins by establishing the fundamentals of continuum mechanics, explaining key areas such as the equations used, stresses and strains, and two and three dimensional problems. Having laid down the foundations of the topic, the book then moves on to look at specific techniques and technologies with emphasis on the most recent developments such as optics and image processing. Most of the current computational methods, as well as practical ones, are included to ensure that the book provides information essential to the reader in practical or research applications. Key features: Presents widely used and accepted methodologies that are based on research and development work of the lead author Systematically works through the topics and theories of experimental mechanics including detailed treatments of the Moire, Speckle and holographic optical methods Includes illustrations and diagrams to illuminate the topic clearly for the reader Provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic, and also acts as a quick reference guide This comprehensive book forms an invaluable resource for graduate students and is also a point of reference for researchers and practitioners in structural and materials engineering.

Full-Field Measurements and Identification in Solid Mechanics
Full-Field Measurements and Identification in Solid Mechanics

Author: Michel Grediac

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-12-17

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 1118578473

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This timely book presents cutting-edge developments by experts in the field on the rapidly developing and scientifically challenging area of full-field measurement techniques used in solid mechanics – including photoelasticity, grid methods, deflectometry, holography, speckle interferometry and digital image correlation. The evaluation of strains and the use of the measurements in subsequent parameter identification techniques to determine material properties are also presented. Since parametric identification techniques require a close coupling of theoretical models and experimental measurements, the book focuses on specific modeling approaches that include finite element model updating, the equilibrium gap method, constitutive equation gap method, virtual field method and reciprocity gap method. In the latter part of the book, the authors discuss two particular applications of selected methods that are of special interest to many investigators: the analysis of localized phenomenon and connections between microstructure and constitutive laws. The final chapter highlights infrared measurements and their use in the mechanics of materials. Written and edited by knowledgeable scientists, experts in their fields, this book will be a valuable resource for all students, faculties and scientists seeking to expand their understanding of an important, growing research area

Optical Methods of Engineering Analysis
Optical Methods of Engineering Analysis

Author: Gary L. Cloud

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1998-05-28

Total Pages: 526

ISBN-13: 9780521636421

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Fundamental measurement problems in engineering, mechanics, manufacturing, and physics are now being solved by powerful optical methods. This book presents a lucid, up-to-date discussion of these optical methods. Beginning from a firm base in modern optics, the book proceeds through relevant theory of interference and diffraction and integrates this theory with descriptions of laboratory techniques and apparatus. Among the techniques discussed are classical interferometry, photoelasticity, geometric moire, spatial filtering, moire interferometry, holography, holographic interferometry, laser speckle interferometry, and video-based speckle methods. By providing a firm base in the physical principles and at the same time allowing the reader to perform meaningful experiments related to the topic being studied, the book offers a unique user-oriented approach that will appeal to students, researchers and practising engineers.