Marine Radioecology, Volume 6
Marine Radioecology, Volume 6

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2023-01-12

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 1786307790

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The marine environment, in addition to a not insignificant background of “natural” radioactivity, has continued to receive inputs of radionuclides directly or indirectly through atomic fallout, discharges from the nuclear industry or from nuclear accidents. After their introduction, the fate of these radionuclides is complex with modifications of physicochemical forms, dispersion in marine water masses and adsorption onto sedimentary particles. Marine organisms then bioaccumulate these radionuclides to a greater or lesser extent, dispersing them via their burrowing activities, horizontal and vertical migrations or through food webs. All of these phenomena lead to very variable radioactive contamination, depending on location and the nature of the marine environments concerned, and consequently, to very different doses of irradiation to marine organisms. The harmful effects of ionizing radiation on living marine organisms are felt at varying levels of biological organization from the molecule to the ecosystem, passing through the cell, the organ, the individual and the population. In the end, the radioactive risk for marine organisms can decline according to several situations, which can be normal, programmed or accidental.

Saving the Oceans Through Law
Saving the Oceans Through Law

Author: James Harrison

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 0198707320

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The oceans cover more than seventy per cent of the surface of the planet and they provide many vital ecosystem services. However, the health of the world's oceans has been deteriorating over the past decades and the protection of the marine environment has emerged as one of the most pressing legal and political challenges for the international community. An effective solution depends upon the cooperation of all states towards achieving agreed objectives. This book provides a critical assessment of the role that international law plays in this process, by explaining and evaluating the various legal instruments that have been negotiated in this area, as well as key trends in global ocean governance. Starting with a detailed analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the book considers the main treaties and other legal texts that seeks to prevent, reduce, and control damage to the marine environment caused by navigation, seabed exploitation, fishing, dumping, and land-based activities, as well as emerging pressures such as ocean noise and climate change. The book demonstrates how international institutions have expanded their mandates to address a broader range of marine environmental issues, beyond basic problems of pollution control to include the conservation of marine biological diversity and an ecosystems approach to regulation. It also discusses the development of diverse regulatory tools to address anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment and the extent to which states have adopted a precautionary approach in different maritime sectors. Whilst many advances have been made in these matters, this book highlights the need for greater coordination between international institutions, as well as the desirability of developing stronger enforcement mechanisms for international environmental rules.

Environmental Aspects of Dredging
Environmental Aspects of Dredging

Author: R. N. Bray

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2008-03-10

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 0203894898

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Expanding a port, deepening a navigation channel or creating new land for development, introduces changes to our physical, social, economic and political environment. Changes may result from events during the construction process, or relate to the nature of the completed structure. Changes can be positive or negative, short-term or long-term, and may affect the immediate vicinity of the project or a larger geographical area. Predicting and assessing all possible effects of a planned dredging activity in a scientifically-sound and reliable manner is essential, so that appropriate control measures can be taken to avoid or mitigate unwelcome impacts. This book provides guidance for a complete holistic environmental evaluation procedure and for the design and implementation of environmental control measures. The book is of particular interest to engineers, government agencies and port authorities, as well as civil engineering consultants and contractors involved in planning and designing dredging, maritime infrastructure and fluvial projects.

Handbook of Complex Environmental Remediation Problems
Handbook of Complex Environmental Remediation Problems

Author: Jay H. Lehr

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 650

ISBN-13:

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A-Z guide to hazardous waste clean-up Offering the time-saving guidance of leading specialists in the field, Handbook of Complex Environmental Remediation Problems introduces you to today's best methods of cleaning up hazardous waste. This comprehensive tool from Jay Lehr, Marve Hyman, Tyler Gass and William Seevers gives you a comprehensive review of every current engineering solution, and provides expert help with waste minimization and pollution prevention. Featuring both US and international applications, the Handbook is a vital on-the-job tool for environmental engineers, safety engineers, industrial hygienists, chemical engineers, civil engineers, and any other engineer or manager responsible for clean-up-- and regulators who must evaluate the results of these programs. You’ll find in-depth discussion of : surfacewater groundwater soils' solid waste hazardous waste oil spills hazardous contaminants in the marine environment and discharges in the atmosphere remediation of radioactive and mixed waste remediation of hazardous waste from mineral mining and oil well drilling more

Engaging Countries
Engaging Countries

Author: Edith Brown Weiss

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 9780262731324

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This study systematically examines how states implement and comply with international environmental accords.

Inventory of Radioactive Material Resulting from Historical Dumping, Accidents and Losses at Sea
Inventory of Radioactive Material Resulting from Historical Dumping, Accidents and Losses at Sea

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher: IAEA Tecdoc

Published: 2016-02-08

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789201090157

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In 1989 the Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (the London Convention 1972) requested that the IAEA undertake the preparation of a global inventory of radioactive materials entering the marine environment from all origins. The IAEA subsequently established a global inventory which included information officially reported in or obtained from open literature and confirmed by the countries involved, on (i) the dumping at sea of radioactive waste; and (ii) marine accidents and losses involving radioactive materials. The inventory is intended as a centralized information base against which the impact of specific sources of radioactive material entering the marine environment can be assessed and compared. In 2006 the IAEA received the request to update those inventories. The present publication includes additional information provided recently by some IAEA Member States and contracting parties to the London Convention 1972 and Protocol 1996 within a process of updating the inventory which concluded in 2014, together with the information contained in previous IAEA publications. A CD ROM provides tables, maps and a database with detailed information.

Marine Conservation
Marine Conservation

Author: P. Keith Probert

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-07-06

Total Pages: 536

ISBN-13: 1108508480

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Providing a comprehensive account of marine conservation, this book examines human use and abuse of the world's seas and oceans and their marine life, and the various approaches to management and conservation. Healthy marine ecosystems - the goods and services that they provide - are of vital importance to human wellbeing. There is a pressing need for a global synthesis of marine conservation issues and approaches. This book covers conservation issues pertinent to major groups of marine organisms, such as sharks, marine turtles, seabirds and marine mammals; key habitats, from estuaries, wetlands and coral reefs to the deep sea; and from local and regional to international initiatives in marine conservation. An ideal resource for students, researchers and conservation professionals, the book pays appropriate attention to the underlying marine biology and oceanography and how human activities impact marine ecosystems, enabling the reader to fully understand the context of conservation action and its rationale.